Nicolas Rouhier1, Delphine Cerveau2, Jérémy Couturier1, Jean-Philippe Reichheld3, Pascal Rey4. 1. Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, UMR1136, F-54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, UMR1136, F-54280 Champenoux, France. 2. CEA, DSV, IBEB, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France; CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale & Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13284, France. 3. Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France; Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France. 4. CEA, DSV, IBEB, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France; CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale & Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13284, France. Electronic address: pascal.rey@cea.fr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Increasing knowledge has been recently gained regarding the redox regulation of plant developmental stages. SCOPE OF VIEW: The current state of knowledge concerning the involvement of glutathione, glutaredoxins and thioredoxins in plant development is reviewed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: The control of the thiol redox status is mainly ensured by glutathione (GSH), a cysteine-containing tripeptide and by reductases sharing redox-active cysteines, glutaredoxins (GRXs) and thioredoxins (TRXs). Indeed, thiol groups present in many regulatory proteins and metabolic enzymes are prone to oxidation, ultimately leading to post-translational modifications such as disulfide bond formation or glutathionylation. This review focuses on the involvement of GSH, GRXs and TRXs in plant development. Recent studies showed that the proper functioning of root and shoot apical meristems depends on glutathione content and redox status, which regulate, among others, cell cycle and hormone-related processes. A critical role of GRXs in the formation of floral organs has been uncovered, likely through the redox regulation of TGA transcription factor activity. TRXs fulfill many functions in plant development via the regulation of embryo formation, the control of cell-to-cell communication, the mobilization of seed reserves, the biogenesis of chloroplastic structures, the metabolism of carbon and the maintenance of cell redox homeostasis. This review also highlights the tight relationships between thiols, hormones and carbon metabolism, allowing a proper development of plants in relation with the varying environment and the energy availability. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: GSH, GRXs and TRXs play key roles during the whole plant developmental cycle via their antioxidant functions and the redox-regulation of signaling pathways. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.
BACKGROUND: Increasing knowledge has been recently gained regarding the redox regulation of plant developmental stages. SCOPE OF VIEW: The current state of knowledge concerning the involvement of glutathione, glutaredoxins and thioredoxins in plant development is reviewed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: The control of the thiol redox status is mainly ensured by glutathione (GSH), a cysteine-containing tripeptide and by reductases sharing redox-active cysteines, glutaredoxins (GRXs) and thioredoxins (TRXs). Indeed, thiol groups present in many regulatory proteins and metabolic enzymes are prone to oxidation, ultimately leading to post-translational modifications such as disulfide bond formation or glutathionylation. This review focuses on the involvement of GSH, GRXs and TRXs in plant development. Recent studies showed that the proper functioning of root and shoot apical meristems depends on glutathione content and redox status, which regulate, among others, cell cycle and hormone-related processes. A critical role of GRXs in the formation of floral organs has been uncovered, likely through the redox regulation of TGA transcription factor activity. TRXs fulfill many functions in plant development via the regulation of embryo formation, the control of cell-to-cell communication, the mobilization of seed reserves, the biogenesis of chloroplastic structures, the metabolism of carbon and the maintenance of cell redox homeostasis. This review also highlights the tight relationships between thiols, hormones and carbon metabolism, allowing a proper development of plants in relation with the varying environment and the energy availability. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: GSH, GRXs and TRXs play key roles during the whole plant developmental cycle via their antioxidant functions and the redox-regulation of signaling pathways. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.
Authors: Christof Dietzen; Anna Koprivova; Sarah J Whitcomb; Gregor Langen; Timothy O Jobe; Rainer Hoefgen; Stanislav Kopriva Journal: Plant Physiol Date: 2020-10-15 Impact factor: 8.340
Authors: Francisco J Corpas; Salvador González-Gordo; Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz; María A Muñoz-Vargas; José M Palma Journal: Plant Cell Physiol Date: 2022-07-14 Impact factor: 4.937