Coronary artery disease in patients with HIV infection.

HIV-infected patients are known to be at risk for premature coronary artery disease. This emerging paradigm is a rising concern for clinicians. Due to advances in the treatment of HIV, this once fatal infection has been transformed into a chronic illness. Traditional risk factors paired with the long-term use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and chronic inflammation leads to premature atherosclerosis, particularly progression of atherosclerotic plaque. This population of patients requires early recognition of subclinical atherosclerosis, as well aggressive primary and secondary prevention strategies among the multi-disciplinary team of physicians caring for them. We sought to present a comprehensive review of the available literature related to HIV and atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk.