PURPOSE: To investigate proton density (PD)-weighted zero TE (ZT) imaging for morphological depiction and segmentation of cranial bone structures. METHODS: A rotating ultra-fast imaging sequence (RUFIS) type ZT pulse sequence was developed and optimized for 1) efficient capture of short T2 bone signals and 2) flat PD response for soft-tissues. An inverse logarithmic image scaling (i.e., -log(image)) was used to highlight bone and differentiate it from surrounding soft-tissue and air. Furthermore, a histogram-based bias-correction method was developed for subsequent threshold-based air, soft-tissue, and bone segmentation. RESULTS: PD-weighted ZT imaging in combination with an inverse logarithmic scaling was found to provide excellent depiction of cranial bone structures. In combination with bias correction, also excellent segmentation results were achieved. A two-dimensional histogram analysis demonstrates a strong, approximately linear correlation between inverse log-scaled ZT and low-dose CT for Hounsfield units (HU) between -300 HU and 1,500 HU (corresponding to soft-tissue and bone). CONCLUSIONS: PD-weighted ZT imaging provides robust and efficient depiction of bone structures in the head, with an excellent contrast between air, soft-tissue, and bone. Besides structural bone imaging, the presented method is expected to be of relevance for attenuation correction in positron emission tomography (PET)/MR and MR-based radiation therapy planning.
PURPOSE: To investigate proton density (PD)-weighted zero TE (ZT) imaging for morphological depiction and segmentation of cranial bone structures. METHODS: A rotating ultra-fast imaging sequence (RUFIS) type ZT pulse sequence was developed and optimized for 1) efficient capture of short T2 bone signals and 2) flat PD response for soft-tissues. An inverse logarithmic image scaling (i.e., -log(image)) was used to highlight bone and differentiate it from surrounding soft-tissue and air. Furthermore, a histogram-based bias-correction method was developed for subsequent threshold-based air, soft-tissue, and bone segmentation. RESULTS:PD-weighted ZT imaging in combination with an inverse logarithmic scaling was found to provide excellent depiction of cranial bone structures. In combination with bias correction, also excellent segmentation results were achieved. A two-dimensional histogram analysis demonstrates a strong, approximately linear correlation between inverse log-scaled ZT and low-dose CT for Hounsfield units (HU) between -300 HU and 1,500 HU (corresponding to soft-tissue and bone). CONCLUSIONS:PD-weighted ZT imaging provides robust and efficient depiction of bone structures in the head, with an excellent contrast between air, soft-tissue, and bone. Besides structural bone imaging, the presented method is expected to be of relevance for attenuation correction in positron emission tomography (PET)/MR and MR-based radiation therapy planning.
Authors: Andrew P Leynes; Jaewon Yang; Florian Wiesinger; Sandeep S Kaushik; Dattesh D Shanbhag; Youngho Seo; Thomas A Hope; Peder E Z Larson Journal: J Nucl Med Date: 2017-10-30 Impact factor: 10.057
Authors: Hyunyeol Lee; Xia Zhao; Hee Kwon Song; Rosaline Zhang; Scott P Bartlett; Felix W Wehrli Journal: Magn Reson Med Date: 2018-12-18 Impact factor: 4.668
Authors: Jaewon Yang; Florian Wiesinger; Sandeep Kaushik; Dattesh Shanbhag; Thomas A Hope; Peder E Z Larson; Youngho Seo Journal: J Nucl Med Date: 2017-05-04 Impact factor: 10.057
Authors: Ahmadreza Rezaei; Georg Schramm; Stefanie M A Willekens; Gaspar Delso; Koen Van Laere; Johan Nuyts Journal: J Nucl Med Date: 2019-04-12 Impact factor: 10.057
Authors: Tonghe Wang; Yang Lei; Yabo Fu; Walter J Curran; Tian Liu; Jonathon A Nye; Xiaofeng Yang Journal: Phys Med Date: 2020-07-29 Impact factor: 2.685