Kelli A Agee1, Anuradha Prakki2, Tariq Abu-Haimed3, Ghada H Naguib3, Manar Abu Nawareg3, Arzu Tezvergil-Mutluay4, Debora L S Scheffel5, Chen Chen6, Seung Soon Jang7, Hyea Hwang7, Martha Brackett1, Geneviéve Grégoire8, Franklin R Tay1, Lorenzo Breschi9, David H Pashley10. 1. Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA. 2. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 3. Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 4. Adhesive Dentistry Research Group, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 5. Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-UnivEstadualPaulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. 6. Department of Endodontology and Oral Mucosa, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. 7. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. 8. Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Odontology, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France. 9. Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna and IGM-CNR, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 10. Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA. Electronic address: dpashley@gru.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This work measured the amount of bound versus unbound water in completely-demineralized dentin. METHODS: Dentin beams prepared from extracted human teeth were completely demineralized, rinsed and dried to constant mass. They were rehydrated in 41% relative humidity (RH), while gravimetrically measuring their mass increase until the first plateau was reached at 0.064 (vacuum) or 0.116 gH2O/g dry mass (Drierite). The specimens were then exposed to 60% RH until attaining the second plateau at 0.220 (vacuum) or 0.191 gH2O/g dry mass (Drierite), and subsequently exposed to 99% RH until attaining the third plateau at 0.493 (vacuum) or 0.401 gH2O/g dry mass (Drierite). RESULTS: Exposure of the first layer of bound water to 0% RH for 5 min produced a -0.3% loss of bound water; in the second layer of bound water it caused a -3.3% loss of bound water; in the third layer it caused a -6% loss of bound water. Immersion in 100% ethanol or acetone for 5 min produced a 2.8 and 1.9% loss of bound water from the first layer, respectively; it caused a -4 and -7% loss of bound water in the second layer, respectively; and a -17 and -23% loss of bound water in the third layer. Bound water represented 21-25% of total dentin water. Chemical dehydration of water-saturated dentin with ethanol/acetone for 1 min only removed between 25 and 35% of unbound water, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE: Attempts to remove bound water by evaporation were not very successful. Chemical dehydration with 100% acetone was more successful than 100% ethanol especially the third layer of bound water. Since unbound water represents between 75 and 79% of total matrix water, the more such water can be removed, the more resin can be infiltrated.
OBJECTIVE: This work measured the amount of bound versus unbound water in completely-demineralized dentin. METHODS: Dentin beams prepared from extracted human teeth were completely demineralized, rinsed and dried to constant mass. They were rehydrated in 41% relative humidity (RH), while gravimetrically measuring their mass increase until the first plateau was reached at 0.064 (vacuum) or 0.116 gH2O/g dry mass (Drierite). The specimens were then exposed to 60% RH until attaining the second plateau at 0.220 (vacuum) or 0.191 gH2O/g dry mass (Drierite), and subsequently exposed to 99% RH until attaining the third plateau at 0.493 (vacuum) or 0.401 gH2O/g dry mass (Drierite). RESULTS: Exposure of the first layer of bound water to 0% RH for 5 min produced a -0.3% loss of bound water; in the second layer of bound water it caused a -3.3% loss of bound water; in the third layer it caused a -6% loss of bound water. Immersion in 100% ethanol or acetone for 5 min produced a 2.8 and 1.9% loss of bound water from the first layer, respectively; it caused a -4 and -7% loss of bound water in the second layer, respectively; and a -17 and -23% loss of bound water in the third layer. Bound water represented 21-25% of total dentin water. Chemical dehydration of water-saturated dentin with ethanol/acetone for 1 min only removed between 25 and 35% of unbound water, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE: Attempts to remove bound water by evaporation were not very successful. Chemical dehydration with 100% acetone was more successful than 100% ethanol especially the third layer of bound water. Since unbound water represents between 75 and 79% of total matrix water, the more such water can be removed, the more resin can be infiltrated.
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