Jason A Roberts1, Andrew A Udy2, Paul Jarrett3, Steven C Wallis4, William W Hope5, Raman Sharma6, Carl M J Kirkpatrick7, Peter S Kruger8, Michael S Roberts9, Jeffrey Lipman10. 1. Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Womens' Hospital, Brisbane, Australia Pharmacy Department, Royal Brisbane and Womens' Hospital, Brisbane, Australia Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK j.roberts2@uq.edu.au. 2. Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. 3. Pharmacy Department, Royal Brisbane and Womens' Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. 4. Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. 5. Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. 6. Liverpool School for Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. 7. Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. 8. Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. 9. School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia. 10. Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Womens' Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe the population pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in plasma and the interstitial fluid of subcutaneous tissue of post-trauma critically ill patients and provide clinically relevant dosing recommendations that result in optimal concentrations at the target site. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a pharmacokinetic study in a tertiary referral ICU. We recruited 30 post-trauma critically ill adult patients and collected serial total and unbound plasma cefazolin concentrations. Interstitial fluid concentrations were determined using in vivo microdialysis. Population pharmacokinetic analysis and Monte Carlo simulations were undertaken with Pmetrics(®). Fractional target attainment against an MIC distribution for Staphylococcus aureus isolates was calculated. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age, weight, APACHE II score and CLCR were 37.0 (14.1) years, 86.8 (22.7) kg, 16.9 (5.3) and 163 (44) mL/min, respectively. A three-compartment linear population pharmacokinetic model was most appropriate. Covariates included in the model were CLCR on drug clearance and serum albumin concentration and body weight on the volume of the central compartment. The fractional target attainment for a 1 g intravenous 8-hourly dose for a CLCR of 50 mL/min was 88%, whereas for a patient with a CLCR of 215 mL/min, a dose of 2 g 6-hourly achieved 84% fractional target attainment. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be mindful of the effects of elevated CLCR and serum albumin concentrations on dosing requirements for post-trauma critically ill patients.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe the population pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in plasma and the interstitial fluid of subcutaneous tissue of post-trauma critically illpatients and provide clinically relevant dosing recommendations that result in optimal concentrations at the target site. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a pharmacokinetic study in a tertiary referral ICU. We recruited 30 post-trauma critically ill adultpatients and collected serial total and unbound plasma cefazolin concentrations. Interstitial fluid concentrations were determined using in vivo microdialysis. Population pharmacokinetic analysis and Monte Carlo simulations were undertaken with Pmetrics(®). Fractional target attainment against an MIC distribution for Staphylococcus aureus isolates was calculated. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age, weight, APACHE II score and CLCR were 37.0 (14.1) years, 86.8 (22.7) kg, 16.9 (5.3) and 163 (44) mL/min, respectively. A three-compartment linear population pharmacokinetic model was most appropriate. Covariates included in the model were CLCR on drug clearance and serum albumin concentration and body weight on the volume of the central compartment. The fractional target attainment for a 1 g intravenous 8-hourly dose for a CLCR of 50 mL/min was 88%, whereas for a patient with a CLCR of 215 mL/min, a dose of 2 g 6-hourly achieved 84% fractional target attainment. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be mindful of the effects of elevated CLCR and serum albumin concentrations on dosing requirements for post-trauma critically illpatients.
Authors: T Tängdén; V Ramos Martín; T W Felton; E I Nielsen; S Marchand; R J Brüggemann; J B Bulitta; M Bassetti; U Theuretzbacher; B T Tsuji; D W Wareham; L E Friberg; J J De Waele; V H Tam; Jason A Roberts Journal: Intensive Care Med Date: 2017-04-13 Impact factor: 17.440
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