Fangyuan Cheng1, Xiao'e Wang1, Diansheng Zhong2, Linlin Sun3, Qian Wang1, Chang Liu1. 1. Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China. 2. Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China;Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China. 3. Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a transmembrane protein involved in the metabolism of tumor cells. CAIX is expressed in only a few normal tissues but is overexpressed in various tumor types. The aim of this study is to detect the serum CAIX level of patients with lung cancer, evaluate the significance of CAIX detection in the diagnosis of lung cancer, and analyze the serum CAIX level among different pathological types and TNM stages of lung cancer. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with lung cancer and 31 healthy subjects were selected to participate in this study. Serum CAIX level was examined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The subjects were grouped according to histological type and TNM staging, and serum CAIX level was compared among the groups. With pathological diagnosis as the gold standard, receiver operating characteristic curve of the serum CAIX level was established for the diagnosis of lung cancer. RESULTS: The CAIX serum level was significantly higher in patients with lung cancer than that in the healthy group (P<0.001). The serum CAIX level in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma was also significantly higher than that in patients with adenocarcinoma. No statistically significant differences were observed in the serum CAIX level between I+II and III+IV staging. The AUC of serum CAIX level was 0.961. At a threshold level of 115.115 pg/mL, sensitivity and specificity were 95.7% and 90.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of the serum CAIX level through ELISA exhibits high sensitivity and specificity and is important for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
BACKGROUND:Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a transmembrane protein involved in the metabolism of tumor cells. CAIX is expressed in only a few normal tissues but is overexpressed in various tumor types. The aim of this study is to detect the serum CAIX level of patients with lung cancer, evaluate the significance of CAIX detection in the diagnosis of lung cancer, and analyze the serum CAIX level among different pathological types and TNM stages of lung cancer. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with lung cancer and 31 healthy subjects were selected to participate in this study. Serum CAIX level was examined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The subjects were grouped according to histological type and TNM staging, and serum CAIX level was compared among the groups. With pathological diagnosis as the gold standard, receiver operating characteristic curve of the serum CAIX level was established for the diagnosis of lung cancer. RESULTS: The CAIX serum level was significantly higher in patients with lung cancer than that in the healthy group (P<0.001). The serum CAIX level in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma was also significantly higher than that in patients with adenocarcinoma. No statistically significant differences were observed in the serum CAIX level between I+II and III+IV staging. The AUC of serum CAIX level was 0.961. At a threshold level of 115.115 pg/mL, sensitivity and specificity were 95.7% and 90.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of the serum CAIX level through ELISA exhibits high sensitivity and specificity and is important for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
应用SPSS 17.0统计软件分析处理,对实验组和对照组数据进行正态性检验,因不符合正态分布,两组间比较采用两独立样本秩和检验,多组间比较采用多组独立样本的秩和检验,以P < 0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。绘制CAIX诊断肺癌的受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve, ROC曲线)并计算曲线下面积(area under the curve, AUC)及曲线各坐标的敏感度和特异度。
结果
实验组及对照组患者血清中CAIX含量
实验组47例[男性26例,女性21例,年龄(65±11)岁]和对照组31例[男性18例,女性13例,年龄(61±10)岁],两组间年龄差异(t=1.572, P > 0.05)及性别差异(χ2=0.57, P > 0.05)均无统计学意义。分别对两组实验数据进行正态性检验,两组结果均不符合正态分布(P < 0.05),故计量资料采用中位数和四分位数间距Md(Q)表示,两组间采用两独立样本秩和检验进行比较,结果显示实验组患者血清中CAIX含量为290.12(215.53-550.24)pg/mL,对照组血清中CAIX含量为56.54(41.83-94.18)pg/mL,实验组较对照组血清CAIX含量明显增高,且差异有统计学意义(Z=-6.876, P < 0.001)(图 1)。
Comparison of the serum CAIX level in the experimental group with the control group (pg/mL). The serum CAIX level of number 4 and number 19 in the treatment group was more than 1.5 times higher than the quartile range value, and was considered as the abnormal value and marked with "●". The serum CAIX level of number 12 in the treatment group and number 63 in the control group was more than 3 times higher than the quartile range value, and was considered as the extreme value and marked with "*". CAIX: carbonic anhydrase Ⅸ.
实验组与对照组患者血清中CAIX含量比较(pg/mL)。图中实验组4和19号标本CAIX含量超过1.5倍四分位数间距的值,为异常值,用“●”标出。实验组12号和对照组63号标本CAIX含量超出3倍四分位数间距的值,为极端值,用“*”标出。Comparison of the serum CAIX level in the experimental group with the control group (pg/mL). The serum CAIX level of number 4 and number 19 in the treatment group was more than 1.5 times higher than the quartile range value, and was considered as the abnormal value and marked with "●". The serum CAIX level of number 12 in the treatment group and number 63 in the control group was more than 3 times higher than the quartile range value, and was considered as the extreme value and marked with "*". CAIX: carbonic anhydrase Ⅸ.
Comparison of the serum CAIX level among different pathological types (pg/mL)
Control group
Z
P
SQC: squamous carinoma; ADC: adenocarcinoma; SCLC: small cell lung cancer.
SQC vs ADCADC vs SCLC SQC vs SCLC
-2.335-2.155-0.195
0.0180.031 0.845
不同病理类型肺癌患者血清CAIX含量比较(pg/mL)Comparison of the serum CAIX level among different pathological types (pg/mL)
血清实验组Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期与Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期肺癌患者血清中CAIX含量
根据国际抗癌联盟(Union for International Cancer Control, UICC)2009年制定的第7版国际TNM分期标准,将47例肺癌患者分为Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期组(n=6)和Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期组(n=41)。两组实验数据采用两独立样本的秩和检验,结果显示Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期肺癌患者血清中CAIX含量为330.10(250.97-754.65)pg/mL,Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期肺癌患者血清中CAIX含量为290.12(205.17-525.82)pg/mL,比较两者血清中CAIX含量,未发现两者间差异有统计学意义(Z=-0.781, P=0.444)。
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