BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is widely expressed in a variety of malignant tumors, including-lung cancer. Our previous study has shown that the serum level of soluble form of carbonic anhydrase IX (s-CAIX) was significantly higher in patients with lung cancer than that in the healthy group. The aim of this study is to detect the s-CAIX level in the pleural effusion and its sediment, and to evaluate the significance of CAIX detection in the diagnosis of lung cancer. METHODS: The s-CAIX level in pleural effusion of 29 lung cancer patients and 27 patients with tuberculosis was detected by ELISA. The expression of CAIX in the pleural effusion sediment of 21 lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion and 6 patients with benign pleural effusion was examined by immunohistochemistry. With pathological diagnosis as the gold standard, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of pleural effusion s-CAIX was established for the diagnosis of lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion. RESULTS: The s-CAIX level in the malignant pleural effusion was significantly higher than that in the tuberculosis group (P<0.05). The AUC of pleural effusion s-CAIX level was 0.761. At a threshold level of 109.135 pg/mL, sensitivity and specificity were 92.3% and 58.3%, respectively. The CAIX expression in all samples of the benign pleural effusion sediment was negative. The positive rate of CAIX expression in malignant pleural effusion sediment was 66.67%. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of CAIX in the pleural effusion and its sediment exhibits high sensitivity and specificity, and is helpful in diagnosis of lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is widely expressed in a variety of malignant tumors, including-lung cancer. Our previous study has shown that the serum level of soluble form of carbonic anhydrase IX (s-CAIX) was significantly higher in patients with lung cancer than that in the healthy group. The aim of this study is to detect the s-CAIX level in the pleural effusion and its sediment, and to evaluate the significance of CAIX detection in the diagnosis of lung cancer. METHODS: The s-CAIX level in pleural effusion of 29 lung cancerpatients and 27 patients with tuberculosis was detected by ELISA. The expression of CAIX in the pleural effusion sediment of 21 lung cancerpatients with malignant pleural effusion and 6 patients with benign pleural effusion was examined by immunohistochemistry. With pathological diagnosis as the gold standard, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of pleural effusion s-CAIX was established for the diagnosis of lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion. RESULTS: The s-CAIX level in the malignant pleural effusion was significantly higher than that in the tuberculosis group (P<0.05). The AUC of pleural effusion s-CAIX level was 0.761. At a threshold level of 109.135 pg/mL, sensitivity and specificity were 92.3% and 58.3%, respectively. The CAIX expression in all samples of the benign pleural effusion sediment was negative. The positive rate of CAIX expression in malignant pleural effusion sediment was 66.67%. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of CAIX in the pleural effusion and its sediment exhibits high sensitivity and specificity, and is helpful in diagnosis of lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion.
胸腔积液是临床常见病症。在我国,渗出性胸腔积液最常见的病因是结核性胸膜炎和胸膜的原发或转移性肿瘤,其中,最易转移至胸膜的恶性肿瘤是肺癌[。细胞学检测是鉴别良、恶性胸腔积液常用手段,但其阳性率较低,胸腔积液沉淀物切片诊疗率较细胞学明显增高[,且可运用免疫组化染色进一步提高诊疗率,便于病因诊断。碳酸酐酶为一类含锌的金属蛋白酶,其生理作用为可逆的催化:CO2+H2O→H++HCO3-,他们的主要功能是维持机体的酸碱平衡,其次参与其他生理过程,如骨再吸收、体液的产生等[。碳酸酐酶家族共有15种成员[,其中碳酸酐酶IX(carbonic anhydrase IX, CAIX)不仅参与上述经典的调节酸碱度的生理过程,还参与肿瘤细胞的增殖、细胞粘附和浸润[。CAIX为跨膜蛋白,由细胞外部分N末端信号肽和细胞外区,及细胞内部分跨膜区和细胞内C末端构成[,其胞外部分可被蛋白酶水解,形成可溶性碳酸酐酶IX(soluble form of carbonic anhydrase IX, s-CAIX)释放到血液中[。我们的前期试验证明,肺癌患者血清s-CAIX含量明显高于健康对照组[。本研究旨在探索肺癌胸膜转移的胸腔积液中s-CAIX含量及胸腔积液沉淀物中CAIX表达情况,探索其对良、恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值。
Comparison of s-CAIX level in the pleural effusion between lung cancer group and tuberculosis group (pg/mL); s-CAIX: soluble form of carbonic anhydrase IX.
肺癌胸腔积液组与结核性胸腔积液组胸腔积液中s-CAIX含量比较(pg/mL)Comparison of s-CAIX level in the pleural effusion between lung cancer group and tuberculosis group (pg/mL); s-CAIX: soluble form of carbonic anhydrase IX.
The ROC curve of s-CAIX level in the pleural effusion in the diagnosis of lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion. ROC: receiver operating characteristic.
胸腔积液s-CAIX诊断肺癌恶性胸腔积液的ROC曲线The ROC curve of s-CAIX level in the pleural effusion in the diagnosis of lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion. ROC: receiver operating characteristic.
Immuno-staining of CAIX expression in the cells of the pleural effusion sediment by immunohistochemistry (×400). Fig A and B demonstrate that the cytomembrane of pleural effusion sediment was dyed by immune-staining of CAIX in the lung cancer group. Fig C show that the cytomembrane was not dyed by immunohistochemistry in the lung cancer group. Fig D reveals that the cytomembrane was not dyed by immunohistochemistry in the tuberculosis group.
400倍显微镜下胸腔积液沉淀物CAIX免疫组化染色图片。A和B示肺癌组胸腔积液沉淀物免疫组化染色后细胞膜着色的标本;C示肺癌组免疫组化染色后细胞膜未着色标本;D示结核组胸腔积液沉淀物免疫组化染色后细胞膜未着色标本。Immuno-staining of CAIX expression in the cells of the pleural effusion sediment by immunohistochemistry (×400). Fig A and B demonstrate that the cytomembrane of pleural effusion sediment was dyed by immune-staining of CAIX in the lung cancer group. Fig C show that the cytomembrane was not dyed by immunohistochemistry in the lung cancer group. Fig D reveals that the cytomembrane was not dyed by immunohistochemistry in the tuberculosis group.
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