Samuel T Kuna1,2, David Shuttleworth2,3, Luqi Chi4, Sharon Schutte-Rodin2, Eliot Friedman5, Hengyi Guo2, Sandeep Dhand6, Lin Yang3, Jingsan Zhu3, Scarlett L Bellamy7, Kevin G Volpp1,2,3,8, David A Asch1,2,3,8. 1. Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion and Department of Medicine, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA. 2. Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 3. Leonard Davis Institute Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, Philadelphia, PA. 4. Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, PA. 5. Paoli Hospital, Paoli, PA. 6. Holy Redeemer Hospital, Meadowbrook, PA. 7. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 8. Department of Health Care Management, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: We tested whether providing adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) withdaily Web-based access to their positive airway pressure (PAP) usage over 3 mo with or without a financial incentive in the first week improves adherence and functional outcomes. SETTING: Academic- and community-based sleep centers. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred thirty-eight adults with newly diagnosed OSA starting PAP treatment. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized to: usual care, usual care with access to PAP usage, or usual care with access to PAP usage and a financial incentive. PAP data were transmitted daily by wireless modem from the participants' PAP unit to a website where hours of usage were displayed. Participants in the financial incentive group could earn up to $30/day in the first week for objective PAP use ≥ 4 h/day. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS:Mean hours of daily PAP use in the two groups with access to PAP usage data did not differ from each other but was significantly greater than that in the usual care group in the first week and over 3 mo (P < 0.0001). Average daily use (mean ± standard deviation) during the first week of PAP intervention was 4.7 ± 3.3 h in the usual care group, and 5.9 ± 2.5 h and 6.3 ± 2.5 h in the Web access groups with and without financial incentive respectively. Adherence over the 3-mo intervention decreased at a relatively constant rate in all three groups. Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire change scores at 3 mo improved within each group (P < 0.0001) but change scores of the two groups with Web access to PAP data were not different than those in the control group (P > 0.124). CONCLUSIONS:Positive airway pressure adherence is significantly improved by giving patients Web access to information about their use of the treatment. Inclusion of a financial incentive in the first week had no additive effect in improving adherence.
RCT Entities:
STUDY OBJECTIVES: We tested whether providing adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with daily Web-based access to their positive airway pressure (PAP) usage over 3 mo with or without a financial incentive in the first week improves adherence and functional outcomes. SETTING: Academic- and community-based sleep centers. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred thirty-eight adults with newly diagnosed OSA starting PAP treatment. INTERVENTIONS:Participants were randomized to: usual care, usual care with access to PAP usage, or usual care with access to PAP usage and a financial incentive. PAP data were transmitted daily by wireless modem from the participants' PAP unit to a website where hours of usage were displayed. Participants in the financial incentive group could earn up to $30/day in the first week for objective PAP use ≥ 4 h/day. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Mean hours of daily PAP use in the two groups with access to PAP usage data did not differ from each other but was significantly greater than that in the usual care group in the first week and over 3 mo (P < 0.0001). Average daily use (mean ± standard deviation) during the first week of PAP intervention was 4.7 ± 3.3 h in the usual care group, and 5.9 ± 2.5 h and 6.3 ± 2.5 h in the Web access groups with and without financial incentive respectively. Adherence over the 3-mo intervention decreased at a relatively constant rate in all three groups. Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire change scores at 3 mo improved within each group (P < 0.0001) but change scores of the two groups with Web access to PAP data were not different than those in the control group (P > 0.124). CONCLUSIONS: Positive airway pressure adherence is significantly improved by giving patients Web access to information about their use of the treatment. Inclusion of a financial incentive in the first week had no additive effect in improving adherence.
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