Ying Zhou1, Xinghu Zhou1, Xiaofan Guo1, Guozhe Sun1, Zhao Li1, Liqiang Zheng2, Hongmei Yang1, Shasha Yu1, Wenna Li1, Lu Zou1, Yingxian Sun3. 1. Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. 2. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Library, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. 3. Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. Electronic address: yxsun@mail.cmu.edu.cn.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in pre-menopausal women (Pre-MW) and post-menopausal women (Post-MW) and determine whether years since menopause (YSM) is associated with hypertension. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 6324 women over 35 years of age (2616 Pre-MW and 3708 Post-MW). Questionnaires, measurements and blood biochemical indexes were collected. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of hypertension among women in rural northeast China was 48.8%, and it increased with age. Post-MW had a higher prevalence of hypertension than Pre-MW (62.4% vs. 29.7%, P<0.01). After controlling for confounding variables, overweight (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.72-2.25), obesity (OR=2.97, 95% CI: 2.30-3.84), diabetes mellitus (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.73-2.62), high triglycerides (OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.20-1.65), and history of cardiovascular diseases in first-degree relatives (OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.42-1.81) were associated with hypertension in all participants. However, abdominal obesity (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.05-1.58) was associated with higher odds among Post-MW only. Hypertension was associated with being postmenopausal (OR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.03-1.46), and the risk of hypertension reached a peak level in the <5-year group (OR=1.29; 95% CI, 1.07-1.57). CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal status was an independent risk factor for hypertension. The risk of hypertension was highest in Post-MW with <5 YSM and then decreased. Other risk factors of hypertension were body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity, a family history of cardiovascular disease among first-degree relatives, a personal history of diabetes, and high TG.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in pre-menopausal women (Pre-MW) and post-menopausal women (Post-MW) and determine whether years since menopause (YSM) is associated with hypertension. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 6324 women over 35 years of age (2616 Pre-MW and 3708 Post-MW). Questionnaires, measurements and blood biochemical indexes were collected. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of hypertension among women in rural northeast China was 48.8%, and it increased with age. Post-MW had a higher prevalence of hypertension than Pre-MW (62.4% vs. 29.7%, P<0.01). After controlling for confounding variables, overweight (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.72-2.25), obesity (OR=2.97, 95% CI: 2.30-3.84), diabetes mellitus (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.73-2.62), high triglycerides (OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.20-1.65), and history of cardiovascular diseases in first-degree relatives (OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.42-1.81) were associated with hypertension in all participants. However, abdominal obesity (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.05-1.58) was associated with higher odds among Post-MW only. Hypertension was associated with being postmenopausal (OR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.03-1.46), and the risk of hypertension reached a peak level in the <5-year group (OR=1.29; 95% CI, 1.07-1.57). CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal status was an independent risk factor for hypertension. The risk of hypertension was highest in Post-MW with <5 YSM and then decreased. Other risk factors of hypertension were body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity, a family history of cardiovascular disease among first-degree relatives, a personal history of diabetes, and high TG.
Authors: Saad Samargandy; Karen A Matthews; Maria M Brooks; Emma Barinas-Mitchell; Jared W Magnani; Rebecca C Thurston; Samar R El Khoudary Journal: Circ Res Date: 2022-01-06 Impact factor: 17.367