Prolyl 4-hydroxylase: molecular cloning and the primary structure of the alpha subunit from chicken embryo.

Prolyl 4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.2) is a key enzyme required for the posttranslational hydroxylation of proline residues in collagen. The enzyme is a tetramer composed of two pairs of nonidentical subunits (alpha 2 beta 2). The beta subunit is protein disulfide-isomerase, a ubiquitous enzyme found in the endoplasmic reticulum of many cell types. We report here the amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit. One cDNA clone (alpha 1) was isolated from a chicken embryo cDNA expression library in lambda gt11 by screening with anti-alpha-subunit polyclonal immunoglobulins. This alpha 1 cDNA contains an open reading frame of 1401 base pairs. A comparison of the translation of the nucleotide sequence with protein sequences obtained from the purified chicken alpha-subunit polypeptide verified that alpha 1 cDNA encoded the alpha subunit. Polymerase chain reactions were used to extend the sequence of alpha 1 cDNA toward the 5' end of alpha-subunit mRNA. The mature alpha subunit is composed of 516 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 59,373 Da. The compiled amino acid sequence contains two potential glycosylation sites, an observation that agrees with a previous demonstration that the alpha subunit contains two N-linked oligosaccharide chains. Blot hybridization analysis of total chicken embryo RNA detected an mRNA of 3.5 kilobases, a size that closely resembles the size of the cloned cDNA. Since the expression of the alpha subunit is confined to cell types that synthesize and secrete collagens, the regulation of the synthesis of the alpha subunit may play a central role in determining the expression of prolyl 4-hydroxylase activity.