Screening colonoscopy in Australia.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global epidemic predominantly affecting Western countries. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Australia with one in 12 Australians affected by this condition by the age of 85 years. Appropriate preventive measures by screening followed by colonoscopy can detect cancer and precancerous lesions, which are potentially curable. The National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) is a national screening program implemented by the Australian Government aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality from bowel cancer by actively recruiting and screening the target population. The long-term goal of the program is to include the at-risk population (50-74 years of age) in a biennial screening program. Newer technologies could have a potential role in screening programs by enhancing adenoma detection rates. However, until more evidence is available, improving screening uptake and bowel preparation strategies are the prime focus in reducing CRC-related morbidity and mortality.