Kamlesh Khunti1, Melanie Davies2, Azeem Majeed3, Brian Larsen Thorsted4, Michael Lyng Wolden4, Sanjoy K Paul5. 1. Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K. Leicester Clinical Trials Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K. kk22@leicester.ac.uk. 2. Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K. Leicester Clinical Trials Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K. 3. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K. 4. Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark. 5. Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Hypoglycemia has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and all-cause mortality. This study assessed whether, in a nationally representative population, there is an association between hypoglycemia, the risk of CV events, and all-cause mortality among insulin-treated people with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database and included all insulin-treated patients (≥30 years of age) with a diagnosis of diabetes. RESULTS: In patients who experienced hypoglycemia, hazard ratios (HRs) for CV events in people with type 1 diabetes were 1.51 (95% CI 0.83, 2.75; P = ns) and 1.61 (1.17, 2.22), respectively, for those with and without a history of CV disease (CVD) before the index date. In people with type 2 diabetes, the HRs for patients with and without a history of CVD were 1.60 (1.21, 2.12) and 1.49 (1.23, 1.82), respectively. For all-cause mortality, HRs in people with type 1 diabetes were 1.98 (1.25, 3.17), and 2.03 (1.66, 2.47), respectively, for those with and without a history of CVD. Among people with type 2 diabetes, HRs were 1.74 (1.39, 2.18) and 2.48 (2.21, 2.79), respectively, for those with and without a history of CVD. The median time (interquartile range) from first hypoglycemia event to first CV event was 1.5 years (0.5, 3.5 years) and 1.5 years (0.5, 3.0 years), respectively, for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoglycemia is associated with an increased risk of CV events and all-cause mortality in insulin-treated patients with diabetes. The relationship between hypoglycemia and CV outcomes and mortality exists over a long period.
OBJECTIVE:Hypoglycemia has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and all-cause mortality. This study assessed whether, in a nationally representative population, there is an association between hypoglycemia, the risk of CV events, and all-cause mortality among insulin-treatedpeople with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database and included all insulin-treatedpatients (≥30 years of age) with a diagnosis of diabetes. RESULTS: In patients who experienced hypoglycemia, hazard ratios (HRs) for CV events in people with type 1 diabetes were 1.51 (95% CI 0.83, 2.75; P = ns) and 1.61 (1.17, 2.22), respectively, for those with and without a history of CV disease (CVD) before the index date. In people with type 2 diabetes, the HRs for patients with and without a history of CVD were 1.60 (1.21, 2.12) and 1.49 (1.23, 1.82), respectively. For all-cause mortality, HRs in people with type 1 diabetes were 1.98 (1.25, 3.17), and 2.03 (1.66, 2.47), respectively, for those with and without a history of CVD. Among people with type 2 diabetes, HRs were 1.74 (1.39, 2.18) and 2.48 (2.21, 2.79), respectively, for those with and without a history of CVD. The median time (interquartile range) from first hypoglycemia event to first CV event was 1.5 years (0.5, 3.5 years) and 1.5 years (0.5, 3.0 years), respectively, for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS:Hypoglycemia is associated with an increased risk of CV events and all-cause mortality in insulin-treatedpatients with diabetes. The relationship between hypoglycemia and CV outcomes and mortality exists over a long period.
Authors: Chiara Mameli; Sara Mazzantini; Moufida Ben Nasr; Paolo Fiorina; Andrea E Scaramuzza; Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti Journal: World J Diabetes Date: 2015-07-10
Authors: Matthew J O'Brien; Susan L Karam; Amisha Wallia; Raymond H Kang; Andrew J Cooper; Nicola Lancki; Margaret R Moran; David T Liss; Theodore A Prospect; Ronald T Ackermann Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2018-12-07