Meng Xiao1, Xin Fan2, Sharon C-A Chen3, He Wang2, Zi-Yong Sun4, Kang Liao5, Shu-Lan Chen6, Yan Yan7, Mei Kang8, Zhi-Dong Hu9, Yun-Zhuo Chu10, Tie-Shi Hu11, Yu-Xing Ni12, Gui-Ling Zou13, Fanrong Kong3, Ying-Chun Xu14. 1. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China. 2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. 3. Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR - Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 4. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. 5. Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. 6. Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. 7. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China. 8. Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. 9. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China. 10. Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. 11. Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China. 12. Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China. 13. Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. 14. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China xycpumch@139.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To define the antifungal susceptibility patterns of the most common non-albicans Candida spp. in China. METHODS: We evaluated the susceptibilities to nine antifungal drugs of Candida parapsilosis species complex, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata species complex and Candida krusei isolates from patients with invasive candidiasis at 11 hospitals over 3 years. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS supplemented by DNA sequencing. MICs were determined by Sensititre YeastOne(TM) using current clinical breakpoints/epidemiological cut-off values to assign susceptibility (or WT), and by CLSI M44-A2 disc diffusion for fluconazole and voriconazole. RESULTS: Of 1072 isolates, 392 (36.6%) were C. parapsilosis species complex. C. tropicalis, C. glabrata species complex and C. krusei comprised 35.4%, 24.3% and 3.7% of the isolates, respectively. Over 99.3% of the isolates were of WT phenotype to amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine. Susceptibility/WT rates to azoles among C. parapsilosis species complex were ≥97.5%. However, 11.6% and 9.5% of C. tropicalis isolates were non-susceptible to fluconazole and voriconazole, respectively (7.1% were resistant to both). Approximately 14.3% of C. glabrata sensu stricto isolates (n = 258) were fluconazole resistant, and 11.6% of C. glabrata sensu stricto isolates were cross-resistant to fluconazole and voriconazole. All C. krusei isolates were susceptible/WT to voriconazole, posaconazole and itraconazole. Overall, 97.7%-100% of isolates were susceptible to caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin, but 2.3% of C. glabrata were non-susceptible to anidulafungin. There was no azole/echinocandin co-resistance. Disc diffusion and Sensititre YeastOne(TM) methods showed >95% categorical agreement for fluconazole and voriconazole. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, reduced azole susceptibility was seen among C. tropicalis. Resistance to echinocandins was uncommon.
OBJECTIVES: To define the antifungal susceptibility patterns of the most common non-albicans Candida spp. in China. METHODS: We evaluated the susceptibilities to nine antifungal drugs of Candida parapsilosis species complex, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata species complex and Candida krusei isolates from patients with invasive candidiasis at 11 hospitals over 3 years. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS supplemented by DNA sequencing. MICs were determined by Sensititre YeastOne(TM) using current clinical breakpoints/epidemiological cut-off values to assign susceptibility (or WT), and by CLSI M44-A2 disc diffusion for fluconazole and voriconazole. RESULTS: Of 1072 isolates, 392 (36.6%) were C. parapsilosis species complex. C. tropicalis, C. glabrata species complex and C. krusei comprised 35.4%, 24.3% and 3.7% of the isolates, respectively. Over 99.3% of the isolates were of WT phenotype to amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine. Susceptibility/WT rates to azoles among C. parapsilosis species complex were ≥97.5%. However, 11.6% and 9.5% of C. tropicalis isolates were non-susceptible to fluconazole and voriconazole, respectively (7.1% were resistant to both). Approximately 14.3% of C. glabrata sensu stricto isolates (n = 258) were fluconazole resistant, and 11.6% of C. glabrata sensu stricto isolates were cross-resistant to fluconazole and voriconazole. All C. krusei isolates were susceptible/WT to voriconazole, posaconazole and itraconazole. Overall, 97.7%-100% of isolates were susceptible to caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin, but 2.3% of C. glabrata were non-susceptible to anidulafungin. There was no azole/echinocandin co-resistance. Disc diffusion and Sensititre YeastOne(TM) methods showed >95% categorical agreement for fluconazole and voriconazole. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, reduced azole susceptibility was seen among C. tropicalis. Resistance to echinocandins was uncommon.
Keywords:
C. glabrata species complex; C. krusei; C. parapsilosis species complex; C. tropicalis; China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net (CHIF-NET); antifungal susceptibility; non-albicans Candida species/species complexes
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