BACKGROUND: Microbial translocation has been associated with an increase in immune activation and inflammation in HIV infection despite effective highly active antiretroviral therapy. It has been shown that some probiotics have a beneficial effect by reducing intestinal permeability and, consequently, microbial translocation. OBJECTIVES: To assess changes in microbial translocation and inflammation after treatment with probiotics (Saccharomyces boulardii) in HIV-1-infected patients with virologic suppression. METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 44 nonconsecutive HIV-1-infected patients with viral load of <20 copies per milliliter for at least 2 years. Patients were randomized to oral supplementation with probiotics or placebo during 12 weeks. Markers of microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein [LBP] and soluble CD14), inflammation (interleukin 6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), and immunological and clinical data were determined before and after the intervention and 3 months after treatment discontinuation. Quantitative variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test, and categorical variables were compared using the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of treatment, differences between the probiotic arm and the placebo arm were observed in LBP values (-0.30 vs +0.70 pg/mL) and IL-6 (-0.60 vs +0.78 pg/mL). These differences were also noted at 3 months after treatment withdrawal. Qualitative analysis was performed, defining a variable as "decreased" or "increased" from baseline LBP. A significant decrease of LBP at 12 weeks of treatment was observed (57.9% patients in the probiotic group vs 6.2% in the placebo group, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with S. boulardii decreases microbial translocation (LBP) and inflammation parameters (IL-6) in HIV-1-infected patients with long-term virologic suppression.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Microbial translocation has been associated with an increase in immune activation and inflammation in HIV infection despite effective highly active antiretroviral therapy. It has been shown that some probiotics have a beneficial effect by reducing intestinal permeability and, consequently, microbial translocation. OBJECTIVES: To assess changes in microbial translocation and inflammation after treatment with probiotics (Saccharomyces boulardii) in HIV-1-infectedpatients with virologic suppression. METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 44 nonconsecutive HIV-1-infectedpatients with viral load of <20 copies per milliliter for at least 2 years. Patients were randomized to oral supplementation with probiotics or placebo during 12 weeks. Markers of microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein [LBP] and soluble CD14), inflammation (interleukin 6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), and immunological and clinical data were determined before and after the intervention and 3 months after treatment discontinuation. Quantitative variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test, and categorical variables were compared using the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of treatment, differences between the probiotic arm and the placebo arm were observed in LBP values (-0.30 vs +0.70 pg/mL) and IL-6 (-0.60 vs +0.78 pg/mL). These differences were also noted at 3 months after treatment withdrawal. Qualitative analysis was performed, defining a variable as "decreased" or "increased" from baseline LBP. A significant decrease of LBP at 12 weeks of treatment was observed (57.9% patients in the probiotic group vs 6.2% in the placebo group, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with S. boulardii decreases microbial translocation (LBP) and inflammation parameters (IL-6) in HIV-1-infectedpatients with long-term virologic suppression.
Authors: S Serrano-Villar; J F Vázquez-Castellanos; A Vallejo; A Latorre; T Sainz; S Ferrando-Martínez; D Rojo; J Martínez-Botas; J Del Romero; N Madrid; M Leal; J I Mosele; M J Motilva; C Barbas; M Ferrer; A Moya; S Moreno; M J Gosalbes; V Estrada Journal: Mucosal Immunol Date: 2016-12-21 Impact factor: 7.313
Authors: Jing-Jing Liu; In Iok Kong; Guo-Chang Zhang; Lahiru N Jayakody; Heejin Kim; Peng-Fei Xia; Suryang Kwak; Bong Hyun Sung; Jung-Hoon Sohn; Hanna E Walukiewicz; Christopher V Rao; Yong-Su Jin Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol Date: 2016-04-04 Impact factor: 4.792
Authors: Tiffany Hensley-McBain; Alexander S Zevin; Jennifer Manuzak; Elise Smith; Jillian Gile; Charlene Miller; Brian Agricola; Michael Katze; R Keith Reeves; Colleen S Kraft; Stanley Langevin; Nichole R Klatt Journal: J Virol Date: 2016-04-29 Impact factor: 5.103