Peter C Frommelt1, Eric Gerstenberger2, James F Cnota3, Meryl S Cohen4, Jessica Gorentz5, Kevin D Hill6, J Blaine John7, Jami C Levine8, Jimmy Lu9, William T Mahle10, Rachel T McCandless11, Luc Mertens12, Gail D Pearson13, Carolyn Spencer14, Deepika Thacker15, Ismee A Williams16, Pierre C Wong17, Jane W Newburger8. 1. Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Electronic address: pfrommelt@chw.org. 2. New England Research Institute, Watertown, Massachusetts. 3. Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio. 4. The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 5. Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 6. Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. 7. Congenital Heart Institute of Florida/Pediatrix, Tampa, Florida. 8. Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 9. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 10. Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. 11. Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah. 12. Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 13. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. 14. Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. 15. Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware. 16. Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York. 17. Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In children with single right ventricular (RV) anomalies, changes in RV size and function may be influenced by shunt type chosen at the time of the Norwood procedure. OBJECTIVES: The study sought to identify shunt-related differences in echocardiographic findings at 14 months and ≤6 months pre-Fontan in survivors of the Norwood procedure. METHODS: We compared 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic indices of RV size and function, neo-aortic and tricuspid valve annulus dimensions and function, and aortic size and patency at 14.1 ± 1.2 months and 33.6 ± 9.6 months in subjects randomized to a Norwood procedure using either the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (MBTS) or right ventricle to pulmonary artery shunt (RVPAS). RESULTS: Acceptable echocardiograms were available at both time points in 240 subjects (114 MBTS, 126 RVPAS). At 14 months, all indices were similar between shunt groups. From the 14-month to pre-Fontan echocardiogram, the MBTS group had stable indexed RV volumes and ejection fraction, while the RVPAS group had increased RV end-systolic volume (p = 0.004) and decreased right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) (p = 0.004). From 14 months to pre-Fontan, the treatment groups were similar with respect to decline in indexed neo-aortic valve area, >mild neo-aortic valve regurgitation (<5% at each time), indexed tricuspid valve area, and ≥moderate tricuspid valve regurgitation (<20% at each time). CONCLUSIONS: Initial Norwood shunt type influences pre-Fontan RV remodeling during the second and third years of life in survivors with single RV anomalies, with greater RVEF deterioration after RVPAS. Encouragingly, other indices of RV function remain stable before Fontan regardless of shunt type. (Comparison of Two Types of Shunts in Infants with Single Ventricle Defect Undergoing Staged Reconstruction-Pediatric Heart Network; NCT00115934).
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: In children with single right ventricular (RV) anomalies, changes in RV size and function may be influenced by shunt type chosen at the time of the Norwood procedure. OBJECTIVES: The study sought to identify shunt-related differences in echocardiographic findings at 14 months and ≤6 months pre-Fontan in survivors of the Norwood procedure. METHODS: We compared 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic indices of RV size and function, neo-aortic and tricuspid valve annulus dimensions and function, and aortic size and patency at 14.1 ± 1.2 months and 33.6 ± 9.6 months in subjects randomized to a Norwood procedure using either the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (MBTS) or right ventricle to pulmonary artery shunt (RVPAS). RESULTS: Acceptable echocardiograms were available at both time points in 240 subjects (114 MBTS, 126 RVPAS). At 14 months, all indices were similar between shunt groups. From the 14-month to pre-Fontan echocardiogram, the MBTS group had stable indexed RV volumes and ejection fraction, while the RVPAS group had increased RV end-systolic volume (p = 0.004) and decreased right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) (p = 0.004). From 14 months to pre-Fontan, the treatment groups were similar with respect to decline in indexed neo-aortic valve area, >mild neo-aortic valve regurgitation (<5% at each time), indexed tricuspid valve area, and ≥moderate tricuspid valve regurgitation (<20% at each time). CONCLUSIONS: Initial Norwood shunt type influences pre-Fontan RV remodeling during the second and third years of life in survivors with single RV anomalies, with greater RVEF deterioration after RVPAS. Encouragingly, other indices of RV function remain stable before Fontan regardless of shunt type. (Comparison of Two Types of Shunts in Infants with Single Ventricle Defect Undergoing Staged Reconstruction-Pediatric Heart Network; NCT00115934).
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