PURPOSE: Estimate prevalence of lifetime, current year, and current month depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among US military reservists. METHODS: Structured interviews were performed with a nationally representative military reserve sample (n = 2,003). Sociodemographic characteristics, military experiences, lifetime stressors, and psychiatric conditions were assessed. Depression was measured with the PHQ-9, and PTSD (deployment and non-deployment related) was assessed with the PCL-C. RESULTS: Depression (21.63% lifetime, 14.31% current year, and 5.99% current month) was more common than either deployment-related PTSD (5.49% lifetime, 4.98% current year, and 3.62% current month) or non-deployment-related PTSD (5.40% lifetime, 3.91% current year, and 2.32% current month), and branch-related differences were found. Non-deployment-related trauma was associated with non-deployment-related PTSD and depression in a dose-response fashion; deployment-related trauma was associated with deployment-related PTSD and depression in a dose-response fashion. CONCLUSIONS: The study reveals notable differences in PTSD and depression prevalence by service branch that may be attributable to a combination of factors including greater lifetime trauma exposures and differing operational military experiences. Our findings suggest that service branch and organizational differences are related to key protective and/or risk factors, which may prove useful in guiding prevention and treatment efforts among reservists.
PURPOSE: Estimate prevalence of lifetime, current year, and current month depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among US military reservists. METHODS: Structured interviews were performed with a nationally representative military reserve sample (n = 2,003). Sociodemographic characteristics, military experiences, lifetime stressors, and psychiatric conditions were assessed. Depression was measured with the PHQ-9, and PTSD (deployment and non-deployment related) was assessed with the PCL-C. RESULTS:Depression (21.63% lifetime, 14.31% current year, and 5.99% current month) was more common than either deployment-related PTSD (5.49% lifetime, 4.98% current year, and 3.62% current month) or non-deployment-related PTSD (5.40% lifetime, 3.91% current year, and 2.32% current month), and branch-related differences were found. Non-deployment-related trauma was associated with non-deployment-related PTSD and depression in a dose-response fashion; deployment-related trauma was associated with deployment-related PTSD and depression in a dose-response fashion. CONCLUSIONS: The study reveals notable differences in PTSD and depression prevalence by service branch that may be attributable to a combination of factors including greater lifetime trauma exposures and differing operational military experiences. Our findings suggest that service branch and organizational differences are related to key protective and/or risk factors, which may prove useful in guiding prevention and treatment efforts among reservists.
Authors: Charles W Hoge; Carl A Castro; Stephen C Messer; Dennis McGurk; Dave I Cotting; Robert L Koffman Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2004-07-01 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Iris M Engelhard; Marcel A van den Hout; Jos Weerts; Arnoud Arntz; Joop J C M Hox; Richard J McNally Journal: Br J Psychiatry Date: 2007-08 Impact factor: 9.319
Authors: Jonathan Bleier; Alexander McFarlane; Annabel McGuire; Susan Treloar; Michael Waller; Annette Dobson Journal: Mil Med Date: 2011-02 Impact factor: 1.437
Authors: David S Fink; Gregory H Cohen; Laura A Sampson; Robert K Gifford; Carol S Fullerton; Robert J Ursano; Sandro Galea Journal: Ann Epidemiol Date: 2016-02-04 Impact factor: 3.797
Authors: Rachel A Hoopsick; D Lynn Homish; R Lorraine Collins; Thomas H Nochajski; Jennifer P Read; Gregory G Homish Journal: Psychol Serv Date: 2019-02-14
Authors: Audrey L Jones; Susan D Cochran; Arleen Leibowitz; Kenneth B Wells; Gerald Kominski; Vickie M Mays Journal: J Gen Intern Med Date: 2015-06-03 Impact factor: 5.128
Authors: Jing Wang; Robert J Ursano; Robert K Gifford; Hieu Dinh; Sumr Farooq; Catherine E Broshek; Gregory H Cohen; Laura Sampson; Sandro Galea; Carol S Fullerton Journal: Psychiatry Date: 2020-02-14 Impact factor: 2.458
Authors: Audrey L Jones; Susan D Cochran; Arleen Leibowitz; Kenneth B Wells; Gerald Kominski; Vickie M Mays Journal: Healthcare (Basel) Date: 2018-03-22