Evaluation of a monoclonal antibody pool for rapid diagnosis of respiratory viral infections.

A pool of monoclonal antibodies (MAbP) was evaluated both as a method of cell culture confirmation and as a rapid diagnostic screen for viral infection in respiratory secretions. The MAbP was used in a two-step fluorescent staining procedure on cells harvested from cultures (phase 1) and on exfoliated nasopharyngeal or tracheal cells (phase 2). Antibodies in the MAbP were directed against respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses, parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, and influenza viruses A and B. Individual antiviral antibody stains were used to identify specific viruses from MAbP-positive specimens. In phase 1 (cell culture confirmation only), 241 respiratory specimens were tested. MAbP sensitivity and specificity were 91 and 94%, respectively. In phase 2, 376 respiratory specimens were evaluated by direct staining of exfoliated cells, and these results were compared with results of cell culture isolation. The sensitivity and specificity of the MAbP used in direct specimen testing were 69 and 97%, respectively. These results indicate that the MAbP is highly specific and fairly sensitive for detection of seven different respiratory viruses in one testing procedure. The MAbP is a rapid screening technique for respiratory secretions and is potentially a cost-effective approach to viral detection.