Ya-Guang Peng1, Wei Li1, Xiao-Xiao Wen1, Ying Li1, Ji-Hong Hu1, Lian-Cheng Zhao1. 1. From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y-GP, WL, X-XW, YL, and L-CZ) and the Public Health School, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China (J-HH).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Clinical trials assessing the effects of salt substitutes on blood pressure (BP) have reported mixed results. OBJECTIVES: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to evaluate the effect of salt substitutes on BP, including systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). DESIGN: Studies were identified via systematic searches of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases through December 2013. Random-effects models were used to estimate pooled mean differences in SBP and DBP. RESULTS: Six cohorts from 5 articles (1 trial enrolled 2 cohorts for independent intervention) consisting of 1974 participants were included. Pooled results showed that salt substitutes had a significant effect on SBP (mean difference: -4.9 mm Hg; 95% CI: -7.3, -2.5 mm Hg; P < 0.001) and DBP (mean difference: -1.5 mm Hg; 95% CI: -2.7, -0.3 mm Hg; P = 0.013). Significant heterogeneity was found for both SBP (I(2) = 76.7%) and DBP (I(2) = 65.8%). The sensitivity analysis indicated that the pooled effects of salt substitutes on SBP and DBP were robust to systematically dropping each trial. Furthermore, no evidence of significant publication bias from funnel plots or Egger's tests (P = 0.17 and 0.22 for SBP and DBP, respectively) was found. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed that salt-substitution strategies are effective at lowering SBP and DBP, which supports a nutritional approach to preventing hypertension.
BACKGROUND: Clinical trials assessing the effects of salt substitutes on blood pressure (BP) have reported mixed results. OBJECTIVES: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to evaluate the effect of salt substitutes on BP, including systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). DESIGN: Studies were identified via systematic searches of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases through December 2013. Random-effects models were used to estimate pooled mean differences in SBP and DBP. RESULTS: Six cohorts from 5 articles (1 trial enrolled 2 cohorts for independent intervention) consisting of 1974 participants were included. Pooled results showed that salt substitutes had a significant effect on SBP (mean difference: -4.9 mm Hg; 95% CI: -7.3, -2.5 mm Hg; P < 0.001) and DBP (mean difference: -1.5 mm Hg; 95% CI: -2.7, -0.3 mm Hg; P = 0.013). Significant heterogeneity was found for both SBP (I(2) = 76.7%) and DBP (I(2) = 65.8%). The sensitivity analysis indicated that the pooled effects of salt substitutes on SBP and DBP were robust to systematically dropping each trial. Furthermore, no evidence of significant publication bias from funnel plots or Egger's tests (P = 0.17 and 0.22 for SBP and DBP, respectively) was found. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed that salt-substitution strategies are effective at lowering SBP and DBP, which supports a nutritional approach to preventing hypertension.
Authors: Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz; Víctor G Sal Y Rosas; Vilarmina Ponce-Lucero; María K Cárdenas; Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco; Francisco Diez-Canseco; M Amalia Pesantes; Katherine A Sacksteder; Robert H Gilman; J Jaime Miranda Journal: Nat Med Date: 2020-02-17 Impact factor: 87.241
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