Twelve-month-old infants generalize novel signed labels, but not preferences across individuals.

By the end of the first year, infants expect spoken labels to be extended across individuals and thus, seem to understand words as shared conventional forms. However, it is unknown whether infants' willingness to extend labels across individuals is constrained to familiar forms, such as spoken words, or whether infants can identify a broader range of symbols as potential conventions. The present study tested whether 12-month-old infants will extend a novel signlabel to a new person. Results indicate that 12-month-olds expect signed object-label relations to extend across agents, but restrict object preferences to individuals. The results suggest that infants' expectations about conventional behaviors and linguistic forms are likely broad at 12-months. The implications of these findings for infants' early conceptions of conventional behaviors, as well as our understanding of the initial state of the learner are considered.