Kenichi Kashihara1, Tomoyoshi Kondo2, Yoshikuni Mizuno3, Seiji Kikuchi4, Sadako Kuno5, Kazuko Hasegawa6, Nobutaka Hattori7, Hideki Mochizuki8, Hideo Mori9, Miho Murata10, Masahiro Nomoto11, Ryosuke Takahashi12, Atsushi Takeda13, Yoshio Tsuboi14, Yoshikazu Ugawa15, Mitsutoshi Yamanmoto16, Fusako Yokochi17, Fumihito Yoshii18, Glenn T Stebbins19, Barbara C Tilley20, Sheng Luo20, Lu Wang20, Nancy R LaPelle21, Christopher G Goetz19. 1. Department of Neurology, Okayama Kyokuto Hospital, Okayama, Japan. 2. Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan ; Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Hananosya Hospital, Tochigi, Japan. 3. Department of Neuroregenerative Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. 4. Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, Hokkaido, Japan. 5. Kyoto Shijo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan. 6. Department of Neurology, National Sagamihara Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan. 7. Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 8. Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. 9. Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan. 10. Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorder Center, Tokyo, Japan. 11. Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan. 12. Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. 13. Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nishitaga Hospital, Miyagi, Japan. 14. Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University Medical School, Fukuoka, Japan. 15. Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan. 16. Takamatsu Neurology Clinic, Takamatsu, Japan. 17. Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 18. Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. 19. Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA. 20. Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. 21. Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Movement Disorder Society (MDS)-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease (PD) Rating Scale (UPDRS) (MDS-UPDRS) has been developed and is now available in English. Part of the overall program includes the establishment of official non-English translations of the MDS-UPDRS. We present the process for completing the official Japanese translation of the MDS-UPDRS with clinimetric testing results. METHODS: In this trial, the MDS-UPDRS was translated into Japanese, underwent cognitive pre-testing, and the translation was modified after taking the results into account. The final translation was approved as Official Working Draft of the MDS-UPDRS Japanese version and tested in 365 native-Japanese-speaking patients with PD. Confirmatory analyses were used to determine whether the factor structure for the English-language MDS-UPDRS could be confirmed in data collected using the Official Working Draft of the Japanese translation. As a secondary analysis, we used exploratory factor analyses to examine the underlying factor structure without the constraint of a pre-specified factor organization. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that Comparative Fit Index for all Parts of the MDS-UPDRS exceeded the minimal standard of 0.90 relative to the English version and therefore Japanese translation met the pre-specified criterion to be designated called an OFFICIAL MDS TRANSLATION. Secondary analyses revealed some differences between the English-language MDS-UPDRS and the Japanese translation, however, these differences were considered to be within an acceptable range. CONCLUSIONS: The Japanese version of the MDS-UPDRS met the criterion as an Official MDS Translation and is now available for use (www.movementdisorders.org).
BACKGROUND: The Movement Disorder Society (MDS)-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease (PD) Rating Scale (UPDRS) (MDS-UPDRS) has been developed and is now available in English. Part of the overall program includes the establishment of official non-English translations of the MDS-UPDRS. We present the process for completing the official Japanese translation of the MDS-UPDRS with clinimetric testing results. METHODS: In this trial, the MDS-UPDRS was translated into Japanese, underwent cognitive pre-testing, and the translation was modified after taking the results into account. The final translation was approved as Official Working Draft of the MDS-UPDRS Japanese version and tested in 365 native-Japanese-speaking patients with PD. Confirmatory analyses were used to determine whether the factor structure for the English-language MDS-UPDRS could be confirmed in data collected using the Official Working Draft of the Japanese translation. As a secondary analysis, we used exploratory factor analyses to examine the underlying factor structure without the constraint of a pre-specified factor organization. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that Comparative Fit Index for all Parts of the MDS-UPDRS exceeded the minimal standard of 0.90 relative to the English version and therefore Japanese translation met the pre-specified criterion to be designated called an OFFICIAL MDS TRANSLATION. Secondary analyses revealed some differences between the English-language MDS-UPDRS and the Japanese translation, however, these differences were considered to be within an acceptable range. CONCLUSIONS: The Japanese version of the MDS-UPDRS met the criterion as an Official MDS Translation and is now available for use (www.movementdisorders.org).
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