Hugo Lövheim1, Jonathan Gilthorpe2, Anders Johansson3, Sture Eriksson4, Göran Hallmans5, Fredrik Elgh6. 1. Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Electronic address: hugo.lovheim@germed.umu.se. 2. Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 3. Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 4. Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 5. Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 6. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is thought to play an etiological role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: Plasma samples from 360 AD cases (75.3% women, mean age 61.2 years) and 360 age- and sex-matched dementia-free controls, taken on average 9.6 years before AD diagnosis, were analyzed for anti-HSV antibodies (immunoglobulin G, IgG, and immunoglobulin M, IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: In the complete sample group, the presence of anti-HSV IgG and IgM antibodies did not increase the risk of AD significantly (odds ratio (OR) 1.636, P = .069 and OR 1.368, P = .299, respectively). In cases with 6.6 years or more between plasma sampling and AD diagnosis (n = 270), there was a significant association between presence of anti-HSV IgG antibodies and AD (OR 2.250, P = .019). CONCLUSION: Among persons with a follow-up time of 6.6 years or more, HSV infection was significantly associated with AD.
BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is thought to play an etiological role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: Plasma samples from 360 AD cases (75.3% women, mean age 61.2 years) and 360 age- and sex-matched dementia-free controls, taken on average 9.6 years before AD diagnosis, were analyzed for anti-HSV antibodies (immunoglobulin G, IgG, and immunoglobulin M, IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: In the complete sample group, the presence of anti-HSV IgG and IgM antibodies did not increase the risk of AD significantly (odds ratio (OR) 1.636, P = .069 and OR 1.368, P = .299, respectively). In cases with 6.6 years or more between plasma sampling and AD diagnosis (n = 270), there was a significant association between presence of anti-HSV IgG antibodies and AD (OR 2.250, P = .019). CONCLUSION: Among persons with a follow-up time of 6.6 years or more, HSV infection was significantly associated with AD.
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