Characterization of novel fluorescent ligands with high affinity for D1 and D2 dopaminergic receptors.

We have synthesized and characterized a series of novel fluorescently labeled ligands with high affinity and specificity for D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. D1-selective probes were synthesized using (R,S)-5-(4'-aminophenyl)-8-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl- [1H]-3-benzazepin-7-ol, the 4'-amino derivative of the high-affinity, D1-selective antagonist SCH-23390, whereas D2-selective probes were synthesized using the high-affinity, D2-selective antagonist N-(p-aminophenethyl)spiperone (NAPS). These ligands were coupled via spacer arms of various lengths to the fluorophores fluorescein and bodipy, which fluoresce in the yellow-green region, and to tetramethylrhodamine, which is a red fluorophore. The interaction of these fluorescent ligands with dopamine receptors was evaluated by examining their ability to compete for the binding of the radiolabeled antagonists [3H]SCH-23390 or [3H]methylspiperone to rat striatal D1 or D2 dopamine receptors, respectively. We report here that these novel fluorescent ligands exhibit very high affinity and specificity for either D1 or D2 dopamine receptors. The availability of various fluorescent ligands with different emission maxima and with high affinity and specificity for D1 and D2 dopamine receptors will now permit investigations involving the visualization and localization of these receptor subtypes at the single cell and intracellular levels in the CNS and on intact cells in culture.