Literature DB >> 25227745

Trigonometric characteristics of episiotomy and risks for obstetric anal sphincter injuries in operative vaginal delivery.

E Gonzalez-Díaz1, L Moreno Cea, A Fernández Corona.   

Abstract

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the trigonometric properties of episiotomy in operative vaginal delivery (OVD) and obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS).
METHODS: The study included 72 primiparous women who had an OVD and episiotomy. Cases (n = 36) had sustained OASIS at birth, while controls (n = 36) had not. The groups were matched for instrumental delivery. The episiotomy scar was identified and its trigonometric characteristics were measured at 8-12 weeks postpartum. Data were analysed using conditional logistic analysis.
RESULTS: The angle of episiotomy behaves as a factor associated with anal sphincter injury, so women with a mediolateral episiotomy and an angle greater than 20° have an 87% less risk of having an OASIS (odds ratio 0.13, 95% confidence interval 0.03-0.58). The study showed that scarred episiotomies at 8-12 weeks after OVD with an angle ≤ 20°, depth and distance between the episiotomy and anus ≤ 15 mm, total upper triangle perimeter ≤ 75 mm, para-anal triangle perimeter ≤ 15 mm and areas between scar and midline ≤ 250 mm(2) were significantly associated with higher risk of OASIS.
CONCLUSIONS: When a mediolateral episiotomy is performed in OVD the technique has a strong effect on the occurrence of OASIS. Additional research is needed to determine if the optimal technique for mediolateral episiotomies produces less OASIS than deferring the performance of episiotomy.

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Year:  2014        PMID: 25227745     DOI: 10.1007/s00192-014-2491-x

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Int Urogynecol J        ISSN: 0937-3462            Impact factor:   2.894


  28 in total

1.  Episiotomy, operative vaginal delivery, and significant perinatal trauma in nulliparous women.

Authors:  J N Robinson; E R Norwitz; A P Cohen; T F McElrath; E S Lieberman
Journal:  Am J Obstet Gynecol       Date:  1999-11       Impact factor: 8.661

2.  Does the angle of episiotomy affect the incidence of anal sphincter injury?

Authors:  M Eogan; L Daly; P R O'Connell; C O'Herlihy
Journal:  BJOG       Date:  2006-02       Impact factor: 6.531

Review 3.  Choice and instrumental delivery.

Authors:  J O Drife
Journal:  Br J Obstet Gynaecol       Date:  1996-07

4.  The effect of a mediolateral episiotomy during operative vaginal delivery on the risk of developing obstetrical anal sphincter injuries.

Authors:  Joey de Vogel; Anneke van der Leeuw-van Beek; Dirk Gietelink; Marijana Vujkovic; Jan Willem de Leeuw; Jeroen van Bavel; Dimitri Papatsonis
Journal:  Am J Obstet Gynecol       Date:  2012-03-15       Impact factor: 8.661

5.  Risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injury: a prospective study.

Authors:  Vasanth Andrews; Abdul H Sultan; Ranee Thakar; Peter W Jones
Journal:  Birth       Date:  2006-06       Impact factor: 3.689

Review 6.  Outcomes of routine episiotomy: a systematic review.

Authors:  Katherine Hartmann; Meera Viswanathan; Rachel Palmieri; Gerald Gartlehner; John Thorp; Kathleen N Lohr
Journal:  JAMA       Date:  2005-05-04       Impact factor: 56.272

Review 7.  The perspective of a gynecologist on treatment-related research for fecal incontinence in women.

Authors:  Anne M Weber
Journal:  Gastroenterology       Date:  2004-01       Impact factor: 22.682

8.  Vacuum-assisted deliveries and the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injuries-a retrospective register-based study in Finland.

Authors:  S Räisänen; K Vehviläinen-Julkunen; R Cartwright; M Gissler; S Heinonen
Journal:  BJOG       Date:  2012-08-13       Impact factor: 6.531

9.  Morbidity experienced by women before and after operative vaginal delivery: prospective cohort study nested within a two-centre randomised controlled trial of restrictive versus routine use of episiotomy.

Authors:  M Macleod; K Goyder; L Howarth; R Bahl; B Strachan; D J Murphy
Journal:  BJOG       Date:  2013-03-06       Impact factor: 6.531

10.  Risk factors for third-degree and fourth-degree perineal lacerations in forceps and vacuum deliveries.

Authors:  C A Combs; P A Robertson; R K Laros
Journal:  Am J Obstet Gynecol       Date:  1990-07       Impact factor: 8.661

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  5 in total

Review 1.  Obstetric anal sphincter injuries: review of anatomical factors and modifiable second stage interventions.

Authors:  Dharmesh S Kapoor; Ranee Thakar; Abdul H Sultan
Journal:  Int Urogynecol J       Date:  2015-06-05       Impact factor: 2.894

Review 2.  The correct episiotomy: does it exist? A cross-sectional survey of four public Israeli hospitals and review of the literature.

Authors:  Lena Sagi-Dain; Shlomi Sagi
Journal:  Int Urogynecol J       Date:  2015-04-02       Impact factor: 2.894

3.  Behavior of perineum during delivery before fetal head expulsion.

Authors:  Enrique Gonzalez-Díaz; Camino Fernández Fernández; Maria Jose Fernández Galguera; Alfonso Fernández Corona
Journal:  Int Urogynecol J       Date:  2016-10-21       Impact factor: 2.894

4.  Randomized trial comparing episiotomies with Braun-Stadler episiotomy scissors and EPISCISSORS-60(®).

Authors:  Ganpat Sawant; Divya Kumar
Journal:  Med Devices (Auckl)       Date:  2015-06-01

5.  Midline and Mediolateral Episiotomy: Risk Assessment Based on Clinical Anatomy.

Authors:  Danielle K Garner; Akash B Patel; Jun Hung; Monica Castro; Tamar G Segev; Jeffrey H Plochocki; Margaret I Hall
Journal:  Diagnostics (Basel)       Date:  2021-02-02
  5 in total

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