Dual-energy multidetector CT for the characterization of incidental adrenal nodules: diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced material density analysis.

PURPOSE: To determine whether contrast material-enhanced dual-energy multidetector computed tomography (CT) with material decomposition analysis allows differentiation of adrenal adenomas from nonadenomatous lesions and to compare findings with those of nonenhanced multidetector CT.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective HIPAA-compliant study was approved by the institutional review board of Duke University, with waiver of informed consent. Thirty-eight nonconsecutive patients (22 men and 16 women; mean age, 65 years) with 47 adrenal nodules underwent nonenhanced and contrast-enhanced dual-energy multidetector CT of the abdomen. For each adrenal nodule, nonenhanced attenuation values were recorded; dual-energy density measurements were obtained by using fat-iodine and fat-water material density basis pairs. Mean and median values of nonenhanced attenuation and material densities were compared between adenomas and nonadenomas by using the two-sample t test and Wilcoxon rank sum test, respectively. The diagnostic performance of nonenhanced multidetector CT and dual-energy material densities was assessed by setting the specificity for diagnosis of adenomas at 100%.
RESULTS: Adenomas (lipid rich and lipid poor) displayed significantly different mean density values (in milligrams per cubic centimeter) than those of nonadenomas on fat-iodine (970.4 ± 17.2 vs 1012.3 ± 9.3), iodine-fat (2.5 ± 0.3 vs 4.5 ± 1.5), fat-water (-666.7 ± 154.8 vs -2141.8 ± 953.2), and water-fat (1628.4 ± 177.3 vs 3225 ± 986.1) images, respectively (P < .0001). For diagnosis of adenomas, dual-energy material density analysis showed a sensitivity of 96% (23 of 24 lesions) at a specificity of 100% (23 of 23 lesions), yielding significantly improved diagnostic performance compared with nonenhanced multidetector CT attenuation (sensitivity of 67% [16 of 24 lesions] at a specificity of 100% [23 of 23 lesions]) (P = .035).
CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced dual-energy multidetector CT with material density analysis allows differentiation between adrenal adenomas and nonadenomas, reflecting an improved ability over nonenhanced multidetector CT for diagnosis of lipid-poor adenoma. © RSNA, 2014.