PURPOSE: To explore the potential of non-invasive reverse iontophoresis transdermal extraction of iohexol as a marker of glomerular filtration rate. METHODS: A series of in vitro experiments were undertaken to establish the feasibility of iohexol reverse iontophoresis and to determine the optimal conditions for the approach. Subsequently, a pilot study in paediatric patients was performed to provide proof-of-concept. RESULTS: The iontophoretic extraction fluxes of iohexol in vitro were proportional to the marker subdermal concentration and the reverse iontophoretic technique was able to track changes dynamically in simulated pharmacokinetic profiles. Reverse iontophoresis sampling was well tolerated by the four paediatric participants. The deduced values of the iohexol terminal elimination rate constant from transdermal reverse iontophoresis sampling agreed with those estimated by conventional blood sampling. CONCLUSIONS: Reverse iontophoretic transdermal extraction fluxes mirrored the subdermal concentration profiles of iohexol, a relatively large neutral marker of glomerular filtration both in vitro and in vivo. The efficiency of extraction in vivo was well predicted by the in vitro model used.
PURPOSE: To explore the potential of non-invasive reverse iontophoresis transdermal extraction of iohexol as a marker of glomerular filtration rate. METHODS: A series of in vitro experiments were undertaken to establish the feasibility of iohexol reverse iontophoresis and to determine the optimal conditions for the approach. Subsequently, a pilot study in paediatric patients was performed to provide proof-of-concept. RESULTS: The iontophoretic extraction fluxes of iohexol in vitro were proportional to the marker subdermal concentration and the reverse iontophoretic technique was able to track changes dynamically in simulated pharmacokinetic profiles. Reverse iontophoresis sampling was well tolerated by the four paediatric participants. The deduced values of the iohexol terminal elimination rate constant from transdermal reverse iontophoresis sampling agreed with those estimated by conventional blood sampling. CONCLUSIONS: Reverse iontophoretic transdermal extraction fluxes mirrored the subdermal concentration profiles of iohexol, a relatively large neutral marker of glomerular filtration both in vitro and in vivo. The efficiency of extraction in vivo was well predicted by the in vitro model used.
Authors: H Peter Chase; Mary D Roberts; Clare Wightman; Georgeanna Klingensmith; Satish K Garg; Michelle Van Wyhe; Shashi Desai; Wesley Harper; Margarita Lopatin; Miroslaw Bartkowiak; Janet Tamada; Richard C Eastman Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2003-04 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: Valentine Wascotte; Peter Caspers; Johanna de Sterke; Michel Jadoul; Richard H Guy; Véronique Préat Journal: Pharm Res Date: 2007-05-12 Impact factor: 4.200