Guang-Hui Dong1, Zhengmin Min Qian2, Edwin Trevathan2, Xiao-Wen Zeng3, Michael G Vaughn4, Jing Wang5, Yang Zhao6, Yu-Qin Liu6, Wan-Hui Ren7, Xiao-Di Qin3. 1. Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China. Electronic address: donggh5@mail.sysu.edu.cn. 2. Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA. 3. Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China. 4. School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA. 5. Department of Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA. 6. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. 7. Department of Ambient Air Pollution Monitor, Shenyang Environmental Monitoring Center, Shenyang, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the association between air pollution and hypertension among children, and no studies report whether breastfeeding modifies this association in children. METHODS: Nine thousand three hundred fifty-four Chinese children, ages 5-17 years old, from 24 elementary schools and 24 middle schools in the Seven Northeastern Cities during 2012-2013 were evaluated. The weight, height, and BP were measured. Four-year average concentrations of particles with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxides (NO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) were calculated from monitoring stations. Two-level regression analysis was used to examine the effects, controlling for covariates. RESULTS: The results showed that associations existed between hypertension and pollutants. The odds ratios for hypertension ranged from 1.12 per 46.3 μg/m3 increase for O3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.13) to 1.68 per 30.6 μg/m3 increase for PM10 (95% CI, 1.53-1.86). The increases in mean diastolic BP ranged from 0.58 mm Hg per 46.3 μg/m3 increase for O3 (95% CI, 0.52-0.63 mm Hg) to 2.89 mm Hg per 563.4 μg/m3 increase for CO (95% CI: 2.53-3.24 mm Hg). The increase in systolic BP ranged from 0.50 mm Hg per 46.3 μg/m3 increase for O3 (95% CI: 0.43-0.57 mm Hg) to 2.10 mm Hg per 30.6 μg/m3 increase for PM10 (95% CI, 1.73-2.47 mm Hg). Compared with children who had been breastfed, non-breastfed children exhibited consistently stronger effects. CONCLUSION: Study findings indicate that high levels of PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO are associated with increased arterial BP and hypertension among the children. Breastfeeding may reduce the risk.
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the association between air pollution and hypertension among children, and no studies report whether breastfeeding modifies this association in children. METHODS: Nine thousand three hundred fifty-four Chinese children, ages 5-17 years old, from 24 elementary schools and 24 middle schools in the Seven Northeastern Cities during 2012-2013 were evaluated. The weight, height, and BP were measured. Four-year average concentrations of particles with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxides (NO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) were calculated from monitoring stations. Two-level regression analysis was used to examine the effects, controlling for covariates. RESULTS: The results showed that associations existed between hypertension and pollutants. The odds ratios for hypertension ranged from 1.12 per 46.3 μg/m3 increase for O3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.13) to 1.68 per 30.6 μg/m3 increase for PM10 (95% CI, 1.53-1.86). The increases in mean diastolic BP ranged from 0.58 mm Hg per 46.3 μg/m3 increase for O3 (95% CI, 0.52-0.63 mm Hg) to 2.89 mm Hg per 563.4 μg/m3 increase for CO (95% CI: 2.53-3.24 mm Hg). The increase in systolic BP ranged from 0.50 mm Hg per 46.3 μg/m3 increase for O3 (95% CI: 0.43-0.57 mm Hg) to 2.10 mm Hg per 30.6 μg/m3 increase for PM10 (95% CI, 1.73-2.47 mm Hg). Compared with children who had been breastfed, non-breastfed children exhibited consistently stronger effects. CONCLUSION: Study findings indicate that high levels of PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO are associated with increased arterial BP and hypertension among the children. Breastfeeding may reduce the risk.
Authors: Y Zhou; Z Qian; M G Vaughn; B B Boutwell; M Yang; X-W Zeng; R-Q Liu; X-D Qin; Y Zhu; G-H Dong Journal: J Hum Hypertens Date: 2015-10-08 Impact factor: 3.012
Authors: Marie Pedersen; Thorhallur I Halldorsson; Matthias Ketzel; Charlotta Grandström; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Steen S Jensen; Louise G Grunnet; Allan Vaag; Mette Sørensen; Sjurdur F Olsen Journal: Environ Epidemiol Date: 2019-09-30
Authors: Yu Ni; Adam A Szpiro; Michael T Young; Christine T Loftus; Nicole R Bush; Kaja Z LeWinn; Sheela Sathyanarayana; Daniel A Enquobahrie; Robert L Davis; Mario Kratz; Annette L Fitzpatrick; Jennifer T Sonney; Frances A Tylavsky; Catherine J Karr Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2021-04-02 Impact factor: 9.031