Intrathecal drug delivery for chronic pain management-scope, limitations and future.

Intrathecal drug delivery system (IDDS) is a targeted therapy system for treating pain and muscle spasm. IDDS is recommended for the treatment of chronic pain which does not respond to optimal medical management. The aim of this review article is to give an up to date and concise account of the use of IDDS. It will explore the main indications, pre-implantation trials and different implantation techniques, the licensing of drugs for intrathecal use and the adverse effects and benefits of this therapy. IDDS is an invasive technique, which can result in severe morbidity and mortality. The up to date knowledge gained from this article along with the recommendations for improving safety in patients receiving IDDS, makes it a valuable resource for healthcare practitioners. Continued research, including outcome studies of this therapy continues to be necessary.