Meng Li1, Coraline D Metzger2, Wenjing Li3, Adam Safron4, Marie-José van Tol5, Anton Lord6, Anna Linda Krause7, Viola Borchardt6, Weiqiang Dou8, Axel Genz7, Hans-Jochen Heinze9, Huiguang He10, Martin Walter11. 1. Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. 2. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. 3. State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China. 4. Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, United States. 5. Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 6. Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany. 7. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. 8. Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. 9. Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. 10. State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address: huiguang.he@ia.ac.cn. 11. Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. Electronic address: martin.walter@med.ovgu.de.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays an important role in the neuropathology of major depressive disorder (MDD). So far, the effect of local cortical alteration on metabolites in multiple subdivisions of ACC has not been studied. We aimed to investigate structural and biochemical changes and their relationship in the pregenual ACC (pgACC), dorsal ACC (dACC) in MDD. METHODS: We obtained magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in two investigated regions for 24 depressed patients and matched controls. In each region, cortical thickness (CTh) was calculated within a template mask based on its MRS voxel. We investigated neurotransmitter concentrations of Glx, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), and myo-inositol (m-Ins) in two investigated regions, as well as their relationships with CTh in depressed individuals and healthy controls. RESULTS: Patients showed significantly lower cortical thickness in dACC compared to controls. Glx in dACC significantly correlated with CTh in healthy controls but not MDD patients, while NAA and CTh in dACC significantly correlated in both groups. A marginal decrease of Glx in pgACC was found in the subgroup of more severely depressive patients, compared to the mildly depressed patients. LIMITATIONS: Modest sample size and lack of episodes of depression may limit the generalizability of our findings. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate an abolished CTh-MRS relation in dACC-associated with structural decline-but not in pgACC, where acute MRS alterations prevailed. Our study provides the first evidence of a neurochemical basis explaining some of the inter-individual variability in CTh in MDD.
BACKGROUND: The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays an important role in the neuropathology of major depressive disorder (MDD). So far, the effect of local cortical alteration on metabolites in multiple subdivisions of ACC has not been studied. We aimed to investigate structural and biochemical changes and their relationship in the pregenual ACC (pgACC), dorsal ACC (dACC) in MDD. METHODS: We obtained magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in two investigated regions for 24 depressedpatients and matched controls. In each region, cortical thickness (CTh) was calculated within a template mask based on its MRS voxel. We investigated neurotransmitter concentrations of Glx, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), and myo-inositol (m-Ins) in two investigated regions, as well as their relationships with CTh in depressed individuals and healthy controls. RESULTS:Patients showed significantly lower cortical thickness in dACC compared to controls. Glx in dACC significantly correlated with CTh in healthy controls but not MDDpatients, while NAA and CTh in dACC significantly correlated in both groups. A marginal decrease of Glx in pgACC was found in the subgroup of more severely depressivepatients, compared to the mildly depressedpatients. LIMITATIONS: Modest sample size and lack of episodes of depression may limit the generalizability of our findings. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate an abolished CTh-MRS relation in dACC-associated with structural decline-but not in pgACC, where acute MRS alterations prevailed. Our study provides the first evidence of a neurochemical basis explaining some of the inter-individual variability in CTh in MDD.
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