Martha Lappas1,2, Debra Jinks2, Antony Ugoni3, Connie C J Louizos2,4, Michael Permezel2,4, Harry M Georgiou2,4. 1. Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia. 2. Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia. 3. School of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (pGDM) are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. The aim of this study was to determine if circulating levels of metabolic hormones 12 weeks following a GDM pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes 8-10 years later. METHODS: Fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, ghrelin, GIP, GLP-1, glucagon, leptin, PAI-1, resistin and visfatin were measured in 98 normal glucose tolerant women, 12 weeks following an index GDM pregnancy. Women were assessed every 2 years for up to 10 years for development of overt type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: After a median follow-up period of 8.7 years, 22.5% of women with a pGDM pregnancy developed type 2 diabetes. Significant risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes were fasting plasma glucose levels >5 mmol/L during pregnancy and at 12 weeks post-pregnancy. In addition, higher C-peptide levels and lower ghrelin levels at 12 weeks post-pregnancy were also significant risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Fasting plasma glucose during pregnancy and post-partum, and post-partum C-peptide and ghrelin levels were significant risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes in women with pGDM. This is the first report that identifies C-peptide and ghrelin as potential biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes in women with a history of GDM.
BACKGROUND:Women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (pGDM) are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. The aim of this study was to determine if circulating levels of metabolic hormones 12 weeks following a GDM pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes 8-10 years later. METHODS: Fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, ghrelin, GIP, GLP-1, glucagon, leptin, PAI-1, resistin and visfatin were measured in 98 normal glucose tolerant women, 12 weeks following an index GDM pregnancy. Women were assessed every 2 years for up to 10 years for development of overt type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: After a median follow-up period of 8.7 years, 22.5% of women with a pGDM pregnancy developed type 2 diabetes. Significant risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes were fasting plasma glucose levels >5 mmol/L during pregnancy and at 12 weeks post-pregnancy. In addition, higher C-peptide levels and lower ghrelin levels at 12 weeks post-pregnancy were also significant risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Fasting plasma glucose during pregnancy and post-partum, and post-partum C-peptide and ghrelin levels were significant risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes in women with pGDM. This is the first report that identifies C-peptide and ghrelin as potential biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes in women with a history of GDM.
Authors: Martha Lappas; Piyushkumar A Mundra; Gerard Wong; Kevin Huynh; Debra Jinks; Harry M Georgiou; Michael Permezel; Peter J Meikle Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2015-04-17 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: Mugdha V Joglekar; Wilson K M Wong; Fahmida K Ema; Harry M Georgiou; Alexis Shub; Anandwardhan A Hardikar; Martha Lappas Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2021-03-23 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: Martha Lappas; Harry M Georgiou; Jane C Willcox; Michael Permezel; Alexis Shub; Cody-Lee Maynard; Mugdha V Joglekar; Anandwardhan A Hardikar Journal: J Diabetes Res Date: 2019-07-24 Impact factor: 4.011