James J Lee1, Cheryl A Protheroe2, Huijun Luo3, Sergei I Ochkur3, Gregory D Scott4, Katie R Zellner3, Randall J Raish5, Mark V Dahl6, Miriam L Vega6, Olivia Conley2, Rachel M Condjella2, Jake A Kloeber7, Joseph L Neely7, Yash S Patel7, Patty Maizer7, Andrew Mazzolini7, Allison D Fryer8, Noah W Jacoby4, David B Jacoby4, Nancy A Lee2. 1. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz. Electronic address: jjlee@mayo.edu. 2. Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz. 3. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz. 4. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore. 5. Media Support Services, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz. 6. Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz. 7. Brophy College Preparatory, Department of Science, Phoenix, Ariz. 8. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Contact toxicant reactions are accompanied by localized skin inflammation and concomitant increases in site-specific itch responses. The role(s) of eosinophils in these reactions is poorly understood. However, previous studies have suggested that localized eosinophil-nerve interactions at sites of inflammation significantly alter tissue innervation. OBJECTIVE: To define a potential mechanistic link between eosinophils and neurosensory responses in the skin leading to itching. METHODS: BALB/cJ mice were exposed to different contact toxicants, identifying trimellitic anhydride (TMA) for further study on the basis of inducing a robust eosinophilia accompanied by degranulation. Subsequent studies using TMA were performed with wild type versus eosinophil-deficient PHIL mice, assessing edematous responses and remodeling events such as sensory nerve innervation of the skin and induced pathophysiological responses (ie, itching). RESULTS: Exposure to TMA, but not dinitrofluorobenzene, resulted in a robust eosinophil skin infiltrate accompanied by significant levels of degranulation. Follow-up studies using TMA with wild type versus eosinophil-deficient PHIL mice showed that the induced edematous responses and histopathology were, in part, causatively linked with the presence of eosinophils. Significantly, these data also demonstrated that eosinophil-mediated events correlated with a significant increase in substance P content of the cutaneous nerves and an accompanying increase in itching, both of which were abolished in the absence of eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS: Eosinophil-mediated events following TMA contact toxicant reactions increase skin sensory nerve substance P and, in turn, increase itching responses. Thus, eosinophil-nerve interactions provide a potential mechanistic link between eosinophil-mediated events and neurosensory responses following exposure to some contact toxicants.
BACKGROUND: Contact toxicant reactions are accompanied by localized skin inflammation and concomitant increases in site-specific itch responses. The role(s) of eosinophils in these reactions is poorly understood. However, previous studies have suggested that localized eosinophil-nerve interactions at sites of inflammation significantly alter tissue innervation. OBJECTIVE: To define a potential mechanistic link between eosinophils and neurosensory responses in the skin leading to itching. METHODS: BALB/cJ mice were exposed to different contact toxicants, identifying trimellitic anhydride (TMA) for further study on the basis of inducing a robust eosinophilia accompanied by degranulation. Subsequent studies using TMA were performed with wild type versus eosinophil-deficient PHIL mice, assessing edematous responses and remodeling events such as sensory nerve innervation of the skin and induced pathophysiological responses (ie, itching). RESULTS: Exposure to TMA, but not dinitrofluorobenzene, resulted in a robust eosinophil skin infiltrate accompanied by significant levels of degranulation. Follow-up studies using TMA with wild type versus eosinophil-deficient PHIL mice showed that the induced edematous responses and histopathology were, in part, causatively linked with the presence of eosinophils. Significantly, these data also demonstrated that eosinophil-mediated events correlated with a significant increase in substance P content of the cutaneous nerves and an accompanying increase in itching, both of which were abolished in the absence of eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS: Eosinophil-mediated events following TMA contact toxicant reactions increase skin sensory nerve substance P and, in turn, increase itching responses. Thus, eosinophil-nerve interactions provide a potential mechanistic link between eosinophil-mediated events and neurosensory responses following exposure to some contact toxicants.
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