[Differential diagnosis of hematuria].

Hematuria is the main symptom of many urological and nephrological diseases. In the differential diagnostics a distinction is made between painful and pain-free and between macrohematuria which is visible to the naked eye and microhematuria which is not visible. The reasons for hematuria are basically renal (glomerular) and non-renal (non-glomerular) causes. In order not to overlook early symptoms of malignant and relevant benign diseases and also to avoid excessive diagnostic tests, a differentiated approach is necessary.