An overview of cholesterol management.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Elevated cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) and abnormal lipid profiles (dyslipidemia) are important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. This article discusses the role of cholesterol in the body and the relationship between different cholesterol fractions and the risk of cardiovascular disease. The guidelines for assessment and treatment of dyslipidemia from the National Cholesterol Education Program are outlined, and cholesterol targets and goals of therapy are discussed. The mechanism of action, place in therapy (eg, first-line, second-line, or add-on), and common side effects are also discussed for each of the available classes of drugs used in the treatment of dyslipidemia.