BACKGROUND: Arousals caused by external stimuli during human sleep have been studied for most of the sensorial systems. It could be shown that a pure nasal trigeminal stimulus leads to arousals during sleep. The frequency of arousals increases dependent on the stimulus concentration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of different stimulus durations on arousal frequency during different sleep stages. METHODS: Ten young healthy volunteers with 20 nights of polysomnography were included in the study. Pure trigeminal stimulation with both different concentrations of CO2 (0, 10, 20, 40% v/v) and different stimulus durations (1, 3, 5, and 10 s) were applied during different sleep stages to the volunteers using an olfactometer. The application was performed during different sleep stages (light sleep, deep sleep, REM sleep). RESULTS: The number of arousals increased with rising stimulus duration and stimulus concentration during each sleep stage. CONCLUSION: Trigeminal stimuli during sleep led to arousals in dose- and time-dependent manner.
BACKGROUND: Arousals caused by external stimuli during human sleep have been studied for most of the sensorial systems. It could be shown that a pure nasal trigeminal stimulus leads to arousals during sleep. The frequency of arousals increases dependent on the stimulus concentration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of different stimulus durations on arousal frequency during different sleep stages. METHODS: Ten young healthy volunteers with 20 nights of polysomnography were included in the study. Pure trigeminal stimulation with both different concentrations of CO2 (0, 10, 20, 40% v/v) and different stimulus durations (1, 3, 5, and 10 s) were applied during different sleep stages to the volunteers using an olfactometer. The application was performed during different sleep stages (light sleep, deep sleep, REM sleep). RESULTS: The number of arousals increased with rising stimulus duration and stimulus concentration during each sleep stage. CONCLUSION: Trigeminal stimuli during sleep led to arousals in dose- and time-dependent manner.
Authors: Michael Schredl; Desislava Atanasova; Karl Hörmann; Joachim T Maurer; Thomas Hummel; Boris A Stuck Journal: J Sleep Res Date: 2009-06-22 Impact factor: 3.981
Authors: G Kobal; L Klimek; M Wolfensberger; H Gudziol; A Temmel; C M Owen; H Seeber; E Pauli; T Hummel Journal: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol Date: 2000 Impact factor: 2.503
Authors: Boris A Stuck; Kathrin Stieber; Sabine Frey; Christopher Freiburg; Karl Hörmann; Joachim T Maurer; Thomas Hummel Journal: Sleep Date: 2007-04 Impact factor: 5.849