Determining optimal trial size using sequential analysis.

When characterising typical human movement profiles, the optimal number of trials analysed for each participant should ensure a stable mean. Sequential analysis is one method able to establish the number of trials to stability by assessing a moving point mean against a set bandwidth. As the total trial number determining this bandwidth is selected arbitrarily, the effect of applying different total trial numbers on the results of sequential analysis was investigated. Twenty participants performed 30 trials of overarm throwing, and sequential analyses were applied to three dimensional (3-D) kinematic data over 10, 20 and 30 trial numbers. We found a total of 20 to be the preferred trial number for sequential analyses. Erroneous results were produced consistently by 10 trial number groups, while moving point means were statistically unchanged after the 10th trial. Subsequently, sequential analyses were applied to 20 trials to establish trials to stability in discrete and time series elements of the 3-D kinematic data. The results suggest that a trial size between 13 and 17 provides stable means for overarm throwing kinematics.