BACKGROUND: The PASS-20 (McCracken and Dhingra, Pain Res Manag 7:45-50, 2002) is a shortened version of the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS), a self-report measure of pain anxiety. The PASS-20 demonstrates good psychometric characteristics but has not yet been validated in a German population. PURPOSE: The aims of the present study were to (1) examine the factor structure and psychometric characteristics of the German PASS-20; (2) investigate its construct validity with respect to depression, fear-avoidance, and endurance; and (3) determine its criterion-related validity with a special emphasis on pain, disability, and quality of life. METHOD: A principal component analysis was performed on a sample (N = 195) of patients with acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain. Reliability was examined with Cronbach's α. Validity was assessed by correlating the PASS-20 to measures of depression, anxiety, disability, quality of life, and avoidance-endurance-related behavioral pain responses. RESULTS: The original four-factor structure proposed for the PASS-20 was replicated using the original subscale labels. The reliability of the total score and the subscales was satisfactory to excellent, and both convergent and divergent validity were moderate to high in the expected directions, showing positive correlations with anxiety, fear, depression, and fear-avoidance and negative correlations with endurance and quality of life. The PASS-20 showed unique predictive ability and advantages over the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. CONCLUSIONS: The results for the German PASS-20 support the original factor structure and provide evidence of satisfactory psychometric characteristics and usefulness in patients with low back pain.
BACKGROUND: The PASS-20 (McCracken and Dhingra, Pain Res Manag 7:45-50, 2002) is a shortened version of the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS), a self-report measure of pain anxiety. The PASS-20 demonstrates good psychometric characteristics but has not yet been validated in a German population. PURPOSE: The aims of the present study were to (1) examine the factor structure and psychometric characteristics of the German PASS-20; (2) investigate its construct validity with respect to depression, fear-avoidance, and endurance; and (3) determine its criterion-related validity with a special emphasis on pain, disability, and quality of life. METHOD: A principal component analysis was performed on a sample (N = 195) of patients with acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain. Reliability was examined with Cronbach's α. Validity was assessed by correlating the PASS-20 to measures of depression, anxiety, disability, quality of life, and avoidance-endurance-related behavioral pain responses. RESULTS: The original four-factor structure proposed for the PASS-20 was replicated using the original subscale labels. The reliability of the total score and the subscales was satisfactory to excellent, and both convergent and divergent validity were moderate to high in the expected directions, showing positive correlations with anxiety, fear, depression, and fear-avoidance and negative correlations with endurance and quality of life. The PASS-20 showed unique predictive ability and advantages over the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. CONCLUSIONS: The results for the German PASS-20 support the original factor structure and provide evidence of satisfactory psychometric characteristics and usefulness in patients with low back pain.
Authors: Sarah L Scholich; Dirk Hallner; Ralf H Wittenberg; Monika I Hasenbring; Adina C Rusu Journal: Disabil Rehabil Date: 2012-03-30 Impact factor: 3.033
Authors: Francisco M Kovacs; Víctor Abraira; Javier Zamora; María Teresa Gil del Real; Joan Llobera; Carmen Fernández; José Ramón Bauza; Kunibert Bauza; Josep Coll; María Cuadri; Elena Duro; Juan Gili; Mario Gestoso; Marina Gómez; Juana González; Patricia Ibañez; Antoni Jover; Pablo Lázaro; Miguel Llinás; Catalina Mateu; Nicole Mufraggi; Alfonso Muriel; Carmen Nicolau; María Arrate Olivera; Patricia Pascual; Lourdes Perelló; Francisco Pozo; Teresa Revuelta; Vicente Reyes; Sebestián Ribot; Jaime Ripoll; Juana Ripoll; Elena Rodríguez Journal: Spine (Phila Pa 1976) Date: 2004-01-15 Impact factor: 3.468