Andrea Schulz1, Mathias Becker2, Sandra Van der Auwera3, Sven Barnow4, Katja Appel5, Jessie Mahler6, Carsten Oliver Schmidt7, Ulrich John8, Harald J Freyberger9, Hans J Grabe10. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. Electronic address: andrea.schulz@uni-greifswald.de. 2. Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, HELIOS-Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany. Electronic address: mathias.becker@helios-kliniken.de. 3. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. Electronic address: auweras@uni-greifswald.de. 4. Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: sven.barnow@psychologie.uni-heidelberg.de. 5. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. Electronic address: katja.appel@uni-greifswald.de. 6. Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. Electronic address: jessie.mahler@uni-greifswald.de. 7. Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. Electronic address: carsten.schmidt@uni-greifswald.de. 8. Institute of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. Electronic address: ujohn@uni-greifswald.de. 9. Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, HELIOS-Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany. Electronic address: freyberg@uni-greifswald.de. 10. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. Electronic address: grabeh@uni-greifswald.de.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Data suggests that traumatic experiences at early age contribute to the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) in later life. This study aims at investigating the influence of dispositional resilience on this relationship. METHODS: Two thousand and forty-six subjects aged 29-89 (SD=13.9) from a community based sample who were free of MDD during the last 12 months prior to data collection were diagnosed for Lifetime diagnosis of MDD by the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI) according to DSM-IV criteria. Childhood maltreatment (CM) and resilience were assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Resilience-Scale (RS-25). RESULTS: Both CM (OR=1.03, 95% CI [1.02, 1.04], P<.000) and resilience (OR=0.98, 95% CI [0.98, 0.99], P<.000) were associated with MDD later in life. The detrimental effects of low resilience on MDD were not only especially prominent in subjects with a history of CM (OR=3.18, 95% CI [1.84, 5.50], P<.000), but also effective in subjects without CM (OR=2.62, 95% CI [1.41, 4.88], P=.002). CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the clinical assumption that resilient subjects may be partly protected against the detrimental long-term effects of child abuse and neglect.
OBJECTIVE: Data suggests that traumatic experiences at early age contribute to the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) in later life. This study aims at investigating the influence of dispositional resilience on this relationship. METHODS: Two thousand and forty-six subjects aged 29-89 (SD=13.9) from a community based sample who were free of MDD during the last 12 months prior to data collection were diagnosed for Lifetime diagnosis of MDD by the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI) according to DSM-IV criteria. Childhood maltreatment (CM) and resilience were assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Resilience-Scale (RS-25). RESULTS: Both CM (OR=1.03, 95% CI [1.02, 1.04], P<.000) and resilience (OR=0.98, 95% CI [0.98, 0.99], P<.000) were associated with MDD later in life. The detrimental effects of low resilience on MDD were not only especially prominent in subjects with a history of CM (OR=3.18, 95% CI [1.84, 5.50], P<.000), but also effective in subjects without CM (OR=2.62, 95% CI [1.41, 4.88], P=.002). CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the clinical assumption that resilient subjects may be partly protected against the detrimental long-term effects of child abuse and neglect.
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