Surgical interventions for late complications of arteriovenous fistulas.

Our aim was to determine the most effective surgical treatment for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) complications after all other methods of salvage have failed. We evaluated 110 patients for 139 complications that occurred after the initial AVF placement and for whom surgical intervention was the last hope for retaining fistula access. Vascular steal syndrome and venous hypertension were the most common complications seen in our patients. The anastomoses of 17 of the vascular steal syndrome cases were narrowed either by stitches or by a polytetrafluoroethylene graft. The second most performed revision surgery was excision of the aneurysm and repair with primary suturing, followed by excision of the aneurysm and interposition grafting. Successful surgical outcomes were achieved in 111 of 139 procedures after revision surgery without constructing a new AVF. AVF salvage surgery is of paramount importance in order to increase the patency rate, which prolongs survival and increases the patient's quality of life.