Hugo Lövheim1, Jonathan Gilthorpe2, Rolf Adolfsson3, Lars-Göran Nilsson4, Fredrik Elgh5. 1. Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Electronic address: hugo.lovheim@germed.umu.se. 2. Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 3. Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 4. Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. 5. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested a link between herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: The present analysis included 3432 persons (53.9% women, mean age at inclusion 62.7 ± 14.4 years) with a mean follow-up time of 11.3 years. The number of incident AD cases was 245. Serum samples were analyzed for anti-HSV antibodies (immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: The presence of anti-HSV IgG antibodies was not associated with an increased risk for AD, controlled for age and sex (hazard ratio, HR, 0.993, P = .979). However, the presence of anti-HSV IgM at baseline was associated with an increased risk of developing AD (HR 1.959, P = .012). CONCLUSION: Positivity for anti-HSV IgM, a sign of reactivated infection, was found to almost double the risk for AD, whereas the presence of anti-HSV IgG antibodies did not affect the risk.
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested a link between herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: The present analysis included 3432 persons (53.9% women, mean age at inclusion 62.7 ± 14.4 years) with a mean follow-up time of 11.3 years. The number of incident AD cases was 245. Serum samples were analyzed for anti-HSV antibodies (immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: The presence of anti-HSV IgG antibodies was not associated with an increased risk for AD, controlled for age and sex (hazard ratio, HR, 0.993, P = .979). However, the presence of anti-HSV IgM at baseline was associated with an increased risk of developing AD (HR 1.959, P = .012). CONCLUSION: Positivity for anti-HSV IgM, a sign of reactivated infection, was found to almost double the risk for AD, whereas the presence of anti-HSV IgG antibodies did not affect the risk.
Authors: Ben Readhead; Jean-Vianney Haure-Mirande; Cory C Funk; Matthew A Richards; Paul Shannon; Vahram Haroutunian; Mary Sano; Winnie S Liang; Noam D Beckmann; Nathan D Price; Eric M Reiman; Eric E Schadt; Michelle E Ehrlich; Sam Gandy; Joel T Dudley Journal: Neuron Date: 2018-06-21 Impact factor: 17.173
Authors: Ruth F Itzhaki; Richard Lathe; Brian J Balin; Melvyn J Ball; Elaine L Bearer; Heiko Braak; Maria J Bullido; Chris Carter; Mario Clerici; S Louise Cosby; Kelly Del Tredici; Hugh Field; Tamas Fulop; Claudio Grassi; W Sue T Griffin; Jürgen Haas; Alan P Hudson; Angela R Kamer; Douglas B Kell; Federico Licastro; Luc Letenneur; Hugo Lövheim; Roberta Mancuso; Judith Miklossy; Carola Otth; Anna Teresa Palamara; George Perry; Christopher Preston; Etheresia Pretorius; Timo Strandberg; Naji Tabet; Simon D Taylor-Robinson; Judith A Whittum-Hudson Journal: J Alzheimers Dis Date: 2016 Impact factor: 4.472