Jan Bergstrom1. 1. Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relationship between smoking rate and periodontal disease prevalence in Sweden. MATERIAL AND METHODS: National smoking rates were found from Swedish National Statistics on smoking habits. Based on smoking rates for the years 1970-2010, periodontal disease prevalence estimates were calculated for the age bracket 40-70 years and smoking-associated relative risks between 2.0 and 20.0. The impact of smoking on the population was estimated according to the concept of population attributable fraction. RESULTS: The age-standardized smoking rate in Sweden declined from 44% in 1970 to 15% in 2010. In parallel with the smoking decline the calculated prevalence estimate of periodontal disease dropped from 26% to 12% assuming a 10-fold smoking-associated relative risk. Even at more moderate magnitudes of the relative risk, e.g. 2-fold or 5-fold, the prevalence decrease was quite tangible, suggesting that the current prevalence in Sweden is about 20-50% of the level 40 years ago. The population attributable fraction, estimating the portion of the disease that would have been avoided in the absence of smoking, was 80% in 1970 and 58% in 2010 at a ten-fold relative risk. CONCLUSION: Calculated estimates of periodontal disease prevalence are closely related to real changes in smoking rate. As smoking rate drops periodontal disease prevalence will drop.
AIM: To investigate the relationship between smoking rate and periodontal disease prevalence in Sweden. MATERIAL AND METHODS: National smoking rates were found from Swedish National Statistics on smoking habits. Based on smoking rates for the years 1970-2010, periodontal disease prevalence estimates were calculated for the age bracket 40-70 years and smoking-associated relative risks between 2.0 and 20.0. The impact of smoking on the population was estimated according to the concept of population attributable fraction. RESULTS: The age-standardized smoking rate in Sweden declined from 44% in 1970 to 15% in 2010. In parallel with the smoking decline the calculated prevalence estimate of periodontal disease dropped from 26% to 12% assuming a 10-fold smoking-associated relative risk. Even at more moderate magnitudes of the relative risk, e.g. 2-fold or 5-fold, the prevalence decrease was quite tangible, suggesting that the current prevalence in Sweden is about 20-50% of the level 40 years ago. The population attributable fraction, estimating the portion of the disease that would have been avoided in the absence of smoking, was 80% in 1970 and 58% in 2010 at a ten-fold relative risk. CONCLUSION: Calculated estimates of periodontal disease prevalence are closely related to real changes in smoking rate. As smoking rate drops periodontal disease prevalence will drop.
Authors: Richard H Singer; Mark Stoutenberg; Daniel J Feaster; Jianwen Cai; WayWay M Hlaing; Lisa R Metsch; Christian R Salazar; Shirley M Beaver; Tracy L Finlayson; Gregory Talavera; Marc D Gellman; Neil Schneiderman Journal: J Periodontol Date: 2018-07-20 Impact factor: 6.993
Authors: N J Kassebaum; A G C Smith; E Bernabé; T D Fleming; A E Reynolds; T Vos; C J L Murray; W Marcenes Journal: J Dent Res Date: 2017-04 Impact factor: 6.116