Spinal stimulation for movement disorders.

Epidural spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is currently proposed to treat intractable neuropathic pain. Since the 1970s, isolated cases and small cohorts of patients suffering from dystonia, tremor, painful leg and moving toes (PLMT), or Parkinson’s disease were also treated with SCS in the context of exploratory clinical studies. Despite the safety profile of SCS observed in these various types of movement disorders, the degree of improvement of abnormal movements following SCS has been heterogeneous among patients and across centers in open-label trials, stressing the need for larger, randomized, double-blind studies. This article provides a comprehensive review of both experimental and clinical studies of SCS application in movement disorders.