New light into the hormogastrid riddle: morphological and molecular description of Hormogaster joseantonioi sp. n. (Annelida, Clitellata, Hormogastridae).

The earthworm family Hormogastridae shows a remarkable disjunction in its distribution in the Iberian Peninsula, with the Hormogaster elisae species complex isolated from the rest of the species. Hormogaster joseantonioi sp. n., a new species found in the intermediate area between the main ranges (in Teruel, Aragón), was described following the integrative approach, as it is suitable for earthworms due to their highly homoplasic morphology. The phylogenetic analysis of the molecular markers placed the new species as a sister taxon to H. elisae, thus showing the colonizing lineage of Central Iberian Peninsula could have originated near the H. joseantonioi sp. n. current range. External morphological characters revealed some degree of overlap with previously described species, but internal characters presented configurations/states unknown from other members of the family. These traits make the new species a key piece to understand the evolution of Hormogastridae.

Introduction

The increasing availability of molecular and ecological data has placed the integrative taxonomy (as defined by Dayrat 2005) as a viable alternative to traditional species description. Several authors advocate its use in different animal groups (Padial and De La Riba 2010; Schlick-Steiner et al. 2010; Heethoff et al. 2011; but see Yeates et al. 2011 for iterative taxonomy instead) and particularly in earthworms (Blakemore and Kupriyanova 2010; Novo et al. 2012), whose taxonomy is in need of deep revision in the light of molecular phylogeny (Jamieson et al. 2002; Pop et al. 2003, 2007; Chang et al. 2008; Briones et al. 2009; Pérez-Losada et al. 2009, 2011; Novo et al. 2011; Fernández et al. 2012).

Fernández et al. (2014) have developed a new tool based in micro-computed tomography to study specimens in a non-destructive way which could help as an additional source of information.

Taxonomic characters traditionally used for the study of earthworms are few and sometimes present high intraspecific variability (Michaelsen 1900 and Stephenson 1930 on their global fauna; Pop et al. 2003 and Briones et al. 2009 about lumbricid earthworms). Recent findings show that cryptic diversity is common in these animals (but see critique in Blakemore et al. 2010), therefore earthworm taxonomy can particularly benefit from an integrative approach.

Novo et al. (2011) presented a molecular phylogeny of Hormogastridae (Oligochaeta, Annelida), whose taxonomy has historically been built on morphological characters, which highlighted some interesting evolutionary aspects. On one hand, hormogastrid distribution across the Western Mediterranean is biogeographically consistent, reflecting the geological events that affected the region in the Tertiary (which confirms previous studies, e.g Bouché 1972, Sbordoni et al. 1992). Two species - Diaz Cosin, Briones & Trigo, 1989 and the morphospecies Álvarez, 1977 -, however, are found in locations far apart from the family main range in the Iberian Peninsula. While all the other Iberian species are distributed in Northeastern Spain, inhabits Northwestern Spain and is found in Central Spain (Segovia, Madrid and Guadalajara). The result is a disjunct distribution.

Novo (2010) found complex to be monophyletic, and thus the likely result of a single colonisation event presumably from the North or the East of the Iberian Peninsula. There could be remaining populations of the migrating lineage in the geographic gap, which haven’t been discovered yet.

On the other hand, it seems that most key characters used for hormogastrid traditional taxonomy and phylogeny (notably the shape, number and position of the spermathecae) are highly homoplasic, showing little or no phylogenetic signal across the family.

Due to its relevance for this subject, the intermediate area between the main ranges of hormogastrids in Spain has been subject to recent sampling campaigns. Both Zaragoza and Teruel (Aragón, Spain) were suitable regions as they have been poorly sampled for earthworms unlike the surrounding provinces. While no success was met in Zaragoza, a population assignable to a new species of Hormogastridae was recently found in Teruel.

This paper focuses on the description of sp. n. from an integrative point of view, following the example of Novo et al. (2012). The new molecular and morphological data are interpreted to gain insight into the diversification and morphological radiation of the family, with some considerations about its constituent genera.

Materials and methods

Earthworm specimens and sampling points

Specimens were collected by hand and fixed in the field in ca. 96% EtOH, with subsequent alcohol changes. Once in the laboratory, specimens were preserved at -20 °C.

The studied material includes 10 specimens (five mature specimens, one semimature specimen with tubercula pubertatis and four immatures) collected in a cleared holm-oak wood at the foothill of Sierra de Oriche, road A-2514 between Huesa del Común and Rudilla, Teruel (Spain) (41°0'55.68"N, 0°58'55.98"W) (Figure 1).

Figure 1.

Map of the Iberian Peninsula showing the collection site of sp.n. (indicated by the white star). The northeastern hormogastrid range is shown in green, range is shown in pink and known location is indicated in yellow.

Specimens have been deposited in the Oligochaete collection of the Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCMLT), Spain with vouchers UCMLT 00001-00010.

Specimens available from previous studies (Novo et al. 2010, 2011, 2012) of all known hormogastrid species were used for comparison. Morphological characters include those features traditionally used for hormogastrids and other earthworms.

Molecular data generation

Total genomic DNA was extracted from ventral integument tissue samples using the DNeasy Tissue Kit (QIAGEN) with two consecutive steps of elution (70 µl of buffer). Seven molecular regions were amplified: mitochondrial subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase (COI), 16S rRNA and tRNA Leu, Ala, and Ser (16S t-RNAs), one nuclear ribosomal gene (a fragment of 28S rRNA) and one nuclear protein-encoding gene (histone H3). Primer sequences, polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and sequencing reactions are the same as in Novo et al. (2011). GeneBank accession numbers for the holo- and paragenetypes, following Chakrabarty (2010) for the markers analysed here are shown in Table 1.

Table 1.

Holo- and paragenetypes (sensu Chakrabarty 2010) of sp. n., and their GenBank accession numbers. The hologenetype is shown in bold.

Specimen	Voucher	COI	16S-tRNAs	28S rRNA	H3
HRUD1	UCMLT 00001	KJ632674	KJ632684	KJ632686	KJ632688
HRUD2	UCMLT 00002	KJ632675	KJ632685	KJ632687	KJ632689
HRUD3	UCMLT 00003	KJ632676
HRUD4	UCMLT 00004	KJ632677
HRUD5	UCMLT 00005	KJ632678
HRUD6	UCMLT 00006	KJ632679
HRUD7	UCMLT 00007	KJ632680
HRUD8	UCMLT 00008	KJ632681
HRUD9	UCMLT 00009	KJ632682
HRUD10	UCMLT 00010	KJ632683

Phylogenetic analyses

The new sequences were combined with all the hormogastrid information available from previous studies (Novo et al. 2010, 2011, 2012) in order to find their phylogenetic placement inside the familyPageBreak. Grube, 1855, Beddard, 1893, Perrier, 1872, Linnaeus, 1758 and Dugès, 1828 were used as outgroups (all the GenBank accession numbers are shown in Appendix). As hormogastrid individuals from the same locality usually cluster together, one individual was analysed as representative per sampling site.

Sequences of each individual gene were aligned in MAFFT (Katoh and Standley 2013) with default settings and concatenated, resulting in a matrix of 2532 bp. jModelTest v. 2.1.3 (Darriba et al. 2012) was used to select the best-fit evolutionary model using the Akaike information criterion (AIC; Akaike 1973), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC; Schwarz 1978) which were GTR+I+G for COI, 16s and 28s, and HKY+I+G for H3.

Bayesian Inference (BI) of the phylogeny was estimated with MRBAYES v.3.1.2 (Ronquist and Huelsenbeck 2003) implemented in the CIPRES Science Gateway V. 3.3. (http://www.phylo.org/index.php/portal/). Unlinked nucleotide substitution models selected were specified for each gene fragment and the nucleotide substitution estimates were allowed to vary independently between each partition. Parameters were set to ten million generations and 10,000 trees were sampled for every 1000th generation, initiating the analysis from a random tree. After two analysis were performed 20% of the trees were discarded as burn-in, and the remaining trees were combined to find the maximum a posteriori probability estimate of phylogeny. Maximum likelihood analyses were performed with RAxML 7.2.7 (Stamatakis 2006) in the CIPRES Science Gateway with default settings, using GTR+I+G for each data partition and estimating the support for the resulting topologies by 100 bootstrap replicates.

Uncorrected pairwise differences for the mitochondrial regions were calculated between and the most closely related species with Arlequin 3.5 (Excoffier and Lischer 2010. To visualize the genetic distance we constructed networks with SplitsTree4 v.4.11.3 (Huson and Bryant 2006) for the more variable genes, including the former species plus Qiu & Bouché, 1998 and as outgroups. Default settings were used.

Results

Taxonomic results Phylum Annelida Lamarck, 1802 Subphylum Clitellata Michaelsen, 1919 Class Oligochaeta Grube, 1850 Superorder Megadrilacea Benham, 1890 Order Haplotaxida Michaelsen, 1900 Family Hormogastridae Michaelsen, 1900 Genus Rosa, 1887

Type-species. Rosa, 1887.

Fernández Marchán sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/1B7B13C0-FA56-466E-9FFE-AB985EB582BA

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hormogaster_joseantonioi

Material examined.

Holotype. Adult (UCMLT 00003), 41°0'55.68"N, 0°58'55.98"W, from a cleared holm-oak wood on the foothill of Oriche mountains, road A-2514 between Huesa del Común and Rudilla, Teruel (Spain), collectors D. Fernández Marchán and J.A. Fernández Fernández.

Paratypes. Nine individuals (UCMLT 00001, 00002, 00004-00010), with the same collection data of the holotype.

Other material examined. 16 hormogastrid species and several subspecies belonging to the UCMLT collection.

Morphological description.

External morphology (Figure 2). *Measures taken on the two only complete specimens, one being the holotype.

Figure 2.

(A) Live specimens of sp.n. External morphology of a fixed specimen, shown in a picture (B) and diagram (C).

Length of mature specimens*: 178–180 mm.

Maximum diameter (pre-clitellar, clitellar, post-clitellar) of mature specimens: 8–10, 9–11, 7–10 mm.

Number of segments*: 305–369.

Weight (fixed specimens)*: 7.05–11.57 g.

Colour: From light brown to dark chocolate brown varying between individuals, with orangeish-brown clitellum of a lighter shade on living specimens (Figure 2a). Beige with brown stripes or patches, mainly on the anterior end, with darker clitellum on fixed specimens (Figure 2b).

Prostomium prolobic, longitudinal striation on segments 1 and 2.

Closely paired chaetae; interchaetal ratio at segment 40, aa: 33, ab: 1.3, bc: 6, cd: 1, dd: 27. Nephridial pores in a row between chaetae b and c (very close to b), visible on fixed specimens as a brownish line.

Spermathecal pores at intersegments 9/10 and 10/11 at the level of cd.

Male pores open over chaetae ab at the intersegment 15/16, surrounded by heart-shaped porophores which extend over most of segment 15 and at least half of 16. Female pores in segment 14 at the same level as male pores.

Clitellum saddle-shaped extending over segments (13) 14–28. Tubercula pubertatis on 1/n 22-27(1/n 28) as a continuous line. Papillae of chaetae ab in variable positions, usually between segments 12 and 28: papillae on 12 always showing an unusual degree of development in mature individuals, being very conspicuous both in live and fixed specimens (Figure 2a).

Internal anatomy.

Funnel shaped, strongly thickened septa in 6/7, 7/8 and 8/9, septum 9/10 slightly thickened. The latter’s attachment to the dorsal body wall is displaced two segments backwards, creating a mismatch between inner and outer segmentation with an internally very wide segment 9.

Last pair of hearts in segment 11. Three shiny, strongly muscular gizzards in 6, 7 and 8. Not apparent Morren’s glands, even though small wrinkles exist in the oesophageal wall between segments 10 and 16.

A posterior gizzard is not well differentiated. There is a slight dilatation of the oesophagus between 14 and 16, but it lacks the muscular wall and reinforcements of a true gizzard. First section of the intestine is not dilated.

Typhlosole begins around segments 20 and 21 with seven lamellae, which around segments 26–27 increase to nine. From there they decrease gradually in number until segments 80–105, where they fuse in a single lamella. The latter extends until segments 218-230, where the typhlosole ends.

Fraying testes and iridescent seminal funnels in 10 and 11. Two pairs of voluminous, grainy seminal vesicles in 11 and 12. Ovaries and female funnels in 13, ovisacs in 14.

Two pairs of spermathecae in intersegments 9/10 and 10/11 (but apparently contained in segment 9 due to septum’s backward displacement), the posterior pair bigger. They are sessile and disc-shaped, with multiple inner chambers which open to the exterior through a common pore, in the intersegments 9/10 and 10/11. Some individuals show double spermathecae (each multicameral and with own pore), either in 9/10 or 10/11 (Figure 3a).

Figure 3.

A) Spermathecae in segments 9 and 10. Note the double spermathecae in segment 10 of this specimen. B) Nephridial bladder of segment 7.

Anterior nephridial bladders U-shaped with very close branches and no apparent cecum (Figure 3b). Bladders gradually flatten towards the end of the body, taking the usual elongated shape.

Distribution.

Known only from its type locality.

Habitat.

The specimens were collected at 10–20 cm deep in the soil in a cleared holm-oak wood, at the border between a dense forest of PageBreak and a dryland farm. The soil had the following characteristics: 23.03% coarse sand, 8.06% fine sand, 5.33% coarse silt, 60.74% fine silt, and 2.84% clay, constituting a silty loam soil, carbon (C): 2.40%, nitrogen (N): 0.24%, C/N: 10.18, pH: 7.98. Mean annual temperature is 12.7 °C and mean annual precipitation is 447.2 mm, as indicated by the nearest weather station (in Herrera de Los Navarros, Zaragoza-23 km away http://www.aragon.es/DepartamentosOrganismosPublicos/Organismos/InstitutoAragonesEstadistica/AreasTematicas/14_Medio_Ambiente_Y_Energia/ci.05_Clima_Datos_climatologicos.detalleDepartamento?channelSelected=ea9fa856c66de310VgnVCM2000002f551bacRCRD#section1).

Etymology.

The species is named after Jose Antonio Fernández Fernández, father of the first author Daniel Fernández Marchán and important contributor during the sampling campaign in which this species was discovered.

Molecular characters.

Analyses were conducted on sequences from loci COI (10 individuals), 16S (2 individuals), 28S (2 individuals) and H3 (2 individuals) of the new species, combined with similar sequences from other hormogastrid species.

The resulting Bayesian inference of the phylogenetic tree is shown in Figure 4. Its topology was congruent with that of the Maximum Likelihood inferred tree, except for the different placement of . sp.n. was recovered as a monophyletic clade, with the species complex as a sister clade.

Figure 4.

Bayesian inference of the phylogenetic tree on the concatenated sequence. Numbers above branches indicate posterior probability/bootstrap (of the Maximum Likelihood analysis) support values higher than 0.9/70 (shown as asterisks on terminal branches). Black rectangles show clades not recovered in both analyses (the alternative is shown with a dashed line). The cryptic species included in are numbered from 1 to 5 (following Novo et al. 2010).

Uncorrected pairwise distances for the genes COI and 16S-tRNA for and the species within the same clade (with divided into its five cryptic species) are shown in Table 2.

Table 2.

Uncorrected pairwise distances for the genes COI (below the diagonal) and 16S-tRNA (above the diagonal) for and the species on the same clade. XAN – , HPRE – , HNAJ – , HEM – two populations of . Intraspecific divergence for COI/16S is shown in the diagonal.

	HJOS	HE3	HE1	HE2	HE5	HE4	XAN	HPRE	HNAJ	HEM*	HEM**
HJOS	0.14/0	13.10	14.20	12.50	19.41	13.50	14.23	14.28	15.31	17.40	16.07
HE3	18.10	0.29/0	9.87	9.96	17.18	12.34	14.37	15.93	16.69	17.54	15.57
HE1	17.77	15.51	10.03/4.10	7.97	17.83	12.95	15.54	17.73	17.54	17.26	16.56
HE2	16.47	14.16	15.13	1.75/0.67	17.03	13.38	14.93	16.62	18.18	16.70	16.70
HE5	16.83	16.28	17.48	16.36	0.34/0	16.37	21.04	21.55	22.37	22.28	21.32
HE4	19.08	15.67	17.37	16.86	10.38	3.75/1.75	15.49	18.06	17.51	17.81	16.53
XAN	18.30	18.26	18.36	18.96	17.01	18.49	0.37/0.19	11.60	13.58	14.34	12.66
HPRE	18.61	20.17	20.34	19.74	18.92	19.52	17.76	0/2.14	10.74	16.47	13.69
HNAJ	18.92	18.39	19.77	18.19	18.64	19.17	19.92	17.31	0.10/0.18	16.69	14.86
HEM*	18.38	18.52	19.17	20.45	17.06	18.58	20.45	19.67	19.92	3.50/1.97	8.76
HEM**	18.11	18.19	18.10	17.79	16.14	16.55	18.31	19.24	18.93	17.63	6.30/2.07

Discussion

Both morphological and molecular characters of sp.n. separate it clearly from all known hormogastrid species, the number of typhosole lamellae and the kind and location of the spermathecae being particularly distinctive. Those characters, while failing to resolve internal relationships within Hormogastridae, have been shown to be suitable for species diagnosis (Rota 1993 on typhlosole importance; Novo et al. 2012 on spermathecae number to separate from ).

The species , while distantly related according to molecular phylogeny, shows many similarities in morphology to (Table 3). However, differ by its lower number of lamellae in its typhlosole and shorter tubercula pubertatis. Moreover it is longer and heavier. While the two species share a very similar position and shape of the spermathecae, some individuals show an additional spermatheca in segment 10 (on the right or left side). These cases don’t seem to be teratologic, as the supernumerary spermathecae have their own pore in the body surface and contain sperm, thus being fully functional.

Table 3.

Comparison of the morphological characters of sp. n. and some of the phylogenetically closest species (, and Qiu & Bouché, 1998) plus the distantly related and Qiu & Bouché, 1998. N. segments: number of segments. N. typhlosole lamellae: number of typhlosole lamellae. Body length, weight and number of segments refer to adult specimens.

	Hormogaster joseantonioi	Hormogaster elisae	Xana omodeoi	Hormogaster najaformis	Hormogaster riojana	Hormogaster castillana
Colour	Brownish	Colourless	Colourless	Slightly greyish	Dark brownish	Brownish grey
Clitellum	(13)14–28	(13)14(15)–26(27)28	14–26	13–31	13,14,17–27,28	1/14,15–29,1/2 30
Tubercula pubertatis	1/n 22–27 (1/n 28)	22(23)–25(26)	23–26	20–26	(20)21–27	22–28
Length (mm)	178–180	92–200	20–161	188–230	154	200–325
N. segments	305–369	205–300	190–230	395–523	243–278	320–429
Weight (g)	7.05–11.57	1.96–9.67	0.59–4.23	22.6–31.4	6.57	12.85–29.38
Spermathecae position (pores) and appearance	9 (see text) (9/10,10/11) Simple(double) Multicameral, disc shaped	9,10 (9/10,10/11) Simple Tubular	10,11 (9/10,10/11) Simple Small, globular	10,11 (10/11,11/12) Multiple Small, globular	9,10 (9/10,10/11) Simple Multicameral, disc shaped	9,10 (9/10,10/11) Simple Globular
N. typhlosole lamellae	9	5	12	15–17	15	21–23
Thickened septa	6/7,7/8,8/9, (9/10)	6/7,7/8,8/9, (9/10)	(6/7),7/8,8/9, 9/10,(10/11)	6/7,7/8,8/9, (9/10)	7/8,8/9,9/10, (10/11)	7/8,8/9,9/10, (10/11)

Other hormogastrid species possess double or multiple spermathecae, but never of the multicameral, disc shaped kind.

The geographically closest species, (from Puerto Querol, Castellón), is neither morphologically nor phylogenetically closely related (Table 3).

sp. n. appears nested on a weakly supported clade on the phylogenetic tree, consisting in , , from Villamassargia, (and HPA from Omodeo, see Novo et al. 2011) and . Genetic distances were high in all cases (16.47–19.08% for COI, 12.50–17.40% for 16S) according to the reference intervals given by Chang and James (2011). Aside from , none of them showed significant morphological likeness to the new species, with the very different spermathecae configurations being noteworthy (Table 3).

The morphospecies was recovered as sister clade to sp. n. with high support. From a morphological point of view, most of their external characters overlap, except for a slightly longer clitellum and tubercula pubertatis, bigger average size and stronger pigmentation in sp. n. However, internal characters are very different and these species match neither in the number of lamellae in the typhlosole (five versus nine) nor in the structure of the spermathecae, which are tubular in and disc-shaped and multicameral in . It’s worth noting that shares the backwardly displaced disposition of the 9/10 septum.

Based on their phylogenetic and morphological relatedness, an origin of from a common ancestor with sp. n. seems likely. This scenario is sensible from a biogeographical point of view, as the locality of the new species is intermediate between the ranges of and the northeastern main hormogastrid range. A connection of emerged lands would have been possible from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary onwards (Andeweg 2002).

While status as a good species and its phylogenetic relationships seem quite clear, generic assignment is a more problematic matter. Novo et al. (2011) recovered the genus as paraphyletic in their molecular phylogeny, pointing out the need for a deep taxonomical revision of the family Hormogastridae, currently in preparation (author’s work in progress).

Based on its distinctive morphology and geographic range, high genetic divergence and consistent recovery as a well-defined clade, Novo (2010) suggested the PageBreak species complex should be established as an independent genus. Due to the close phylogenetic position and morphological similarity of to this clade it could be argued they both should be included in the same genus.

At this stage it is more conservative to assign to the genus until the revision of the family is completed, which will allow to establish (if possible) a well-founded genera system on Hormogastridae. This work narrows the discontinuity between the North-Eastern and Central ranges of the Spanish hormogastrids. At the same time it highlights the importance of an intensive sampling of the area between Teruel and the center of the Iberian Peninsula (mainly zones of Soria and Guadalajara) to hopefully find new species along the hypothetical colonization route.

Supplementary material.

GenBank accession numbers for all sequences used in the phylogenetic analysis, including outgroups. RF: sequences provided by Rosa Fernández.

Species	COI	16S-tRNAs	28S-rRNA	H3
Hormogaster castillana QUE	HQ621989	HQ621883	HQ621960.1	HQ622028
Hormogaster elisae 3 ANC	EF653870	GQ409754.1	GQ409657.1	HQ622001
Hormogaster elisae 4 BOA	GQ409661.1	GQ409704.1	GQ409656.1	HQ622004
Hormogaster elisae 1 CAB	GQ409689.1	GQ409729.1	GQ409653.1	HQ622007
Hormogaster elisae 1 FRE	GQ409698.1	GQ409723.1	GQ409653.1	HQ622009
Hormogaster elisae 1 JAR	GQ409665.1	GQ409745.1	GQ409653.1	HQ622013
Hormogaster elisae 1 LOZ	EF653888	GQ409725.1	GQ409653.1	HQ622016
Hormogaster elisae 1 MOL	EF653875	GQ409732.1	GQ409653.1	HQ622019
Hormogaster elisae 1 NAV	GQ409683.1	GQ409730.1	GQ409653.1	HQ622021
Hormogaster elisae 5 PAR	EF653898	GQ409709.1	GQ409655.1	HQ622024
Hormogaster elisae 1 RED	EF653881	GQ409741.1	GQ409653.1	HQ622029
Hormogaster elisae 4 SEV	EF653905	GQ409707.1	GQ409656.1	HQ622031
Hormogaster elisae 2 SIG	EF653893	GQ409710.1	GQ409654.1	HQ622033
Hormogaster elisae 2 SOT	GQ409700.1	GQ409716.1	GQ409654.1	HQ622034
Hormogaster elisae 1 TRE	GQ409678.1	GQ409737.1	GQ409653.1	HQ622038
Hormogaster elisae 1 UCE	GQ409692.1	GQ409720.1	GQ409653.1	HQ622039
Hormogaster elisae 1 VEN	GQ409671.1	GQ409750.1	GQ409653.1	HQ622041
Hormogaster pretiosa arrufati	HQ621995	HQ621889	HQ621966.1	HQ622040
Hormogaster pretiosa var. PRB	HQ621987	HQ621881	HQ621958.1	HQ622026
Hormogaster pretiosa Villamassargia	HQ621998	HQ621893	HQ621969.1	HQ622045
Hormogaster pretiosiformis oroeli	HQ621984	HQ621877	HQ621955.1	HQ622022
Hormogaster redii redii	HQ621978	HQ621871	HQ621949.1	HQ622012
Hormogaster redii redii	HQ621971	HQ621863	HQ621942.1	HQ622000
Hormogaster redii redii	HQ621976	HQ621869	HQ621947.1	HQ622010
Hormogaster redii insularis	HQ621996	HQ621890	HQ621967.1	HQ622042
Hormogaster samnitica lirapora	HQ621993	HQ621887	HQ621964.1	HQ622036
Hemigastrodrilus monicae	HQ621979	HQ621872	HQ621950.1	HQ622014
Hemigastrodrilus monicae	HQ621982	HQ621875	HQ621953.1	HQ622018
Hormogaster abbatissae	HQ621990	HQ621884	HQ621961.1	HQ622030
Hormogaster arenicola	HQ621972	HQ621865	HQ621943.1	HQ622003
Hormogaster catalaunensis	HQ621973	HQ621866	HQ621944.1	HQ622005
Hormogaster eserana	HQ621977	HQ621870	HQ621948.1	HQ622011
Hormogaster gallica	HQ621974	HQ621867	HQ621945.1	HQ622006
Hormogaster huescana	HQ621980	HQ621873	HQ621951.1	HQ622015
Hormogaster ireguana	HQ621994	HQ621888	HQ621965.1	HQ622037
Hormogaster najaformis	HQ621985	HQ621878	HQ621956.1	HQ622023
Hormogaster nigra	HQ621988	HQ621882	HQ621959.1	HQ622027
Hormogaster pretiosiformis	HQ621983	HQ621876	HQ621954.1	HQ622020
Hormogaster riojana	HQ621970	HQ621862	HQ621941.1	HQ621999
Hormogaster sp. CER	HQ621975	HQ621868	HQ621946.1	HQ622008
Hormogaster sp. HPA	-	HQ621892	-	HQ622044
Hormogaster sp. TAL	HQ621992	HQ621886	HQ621963.1	HQ622035
Hormogaster sylvestris	HQ621981	HQ621874	HQ621952.1	HQ622017
Vignysa popi	HQ621991	HQ621885	HQ621962.1	HQ622032
Vignysa vedovinii	HQ621986	HQ621880	HQ621957.1	HQ622025
Xana omodeoi	HQ621997	HQ621891	HQ621968.1	HQ622043
Amynthas robustus	EF077569.1	EF490524.1	EF490529.1	-
Dichogaster saliens	-	AF406573.1	AY101560.1	-
Pontodrilus litoralis	-	AY340473.1	-	-
Lumbricus terrestris	HQ691222	U24570	HQ691218	HQ691227
Aporrectodea trapezoides	RF	HQ621864	RF	HQ622002