Lois K Lee1, David Monroe2, Michael C Bachman3, Todd F Glass4, Prashant V Mahajan5, Arthur Cooper6, Rachel M Stanley7, Michelle Miskin8, Peter S Dayan9, James F Holmes10, Nathan Kuppermann11. 1. Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. 2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Howard County General Hospital, Columbia, Maryland. 3. Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey. 4. Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio. 5. Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. 6. Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center at Harlem Hospital, New York, New York. 7. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor. 8. Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. 9. Division of Emergency Medicine, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York. 10. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine. 11. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine11Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis School of Medicine.
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: A history of loss of consciousness (LOC) is frequently a driving factor for computed tomography use in the emergency department evaluation of children with blunt head trauma. Computed tomography carries a nonnegligible risk for lethal radiation-induced malignancy. The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) derived 2 age-specific prediction rules with 6 variables for clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI), which included LOC as one of the risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk for ciTBIs in children with isolated LOC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a planned secondary analysis of a large prospective multicenter cohort study. The study included 42 ,412 children aged 0 to 18 years with blunt head trauma and Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 14 and 15 evaluated in 25 emergency departments from 2004-2006. EXPOSURE: A history of LOC after minor blunt head trauma. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main outcome measures were ciTBIs (resulting in death, neurosurgery, intubation for >24 hours, or hospitalization for ≥2 nights) and a comparison of the rates of ciTBIs in children with no LOC, any LOC, and isolated LOC (ie, with no other PECARN ciTBI predictors). RESULTS: A total of 42 412 children were enrolled in the parent study, with 40 693 remaining in the current analysis after exclusions. Of these, LOC occurred in 15.4% (6286 children). The prevalence of ciTBI with any history of LOC was 2.5% and for no history of LOC was 0.5% (difference, 2.0%; 95% CI, 1.7-2.5). The ciTBI rate in children with isolated LOC, with no other PECARN predictors, was 0.5% (95% CI, 0.2-0.8; 13 of 2780). When comparing children who have isolated LOC with those who have LOC and other PECARN predictors, the risk ratio for ciTBI in children younger than 2 years was 0.13 (95% CI, 0.005-0.72) and for children 2 years or older was 0.10 (95% CI, 0.06-0.19). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Children with minor blunt head trauma presenting to the emergency department with isolated LOC are at very low risk for ciTBI and do not routinely require computed tomographic evaluation.
IMPORTANCE: A history of loss of consciousness (LOC) is frequently a driving factor for computed tomography use in the emergency department evaluation of children with blunt head trauma. Computed tomography carries a nonnegligible risk for lethal radiation-induced malignancy. The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) derived 2 age-specific prediction rules with 6 variables for clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI), which included LOC as one of the risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk for ciTBIs in children with isolated LOC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a planned secondary analysis of a large prospective multicenter cohort study. The study included 42 ,412 children aged 0 to 18 years with blunt head trauma and Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 14 and 15 evaluated in 25 emergency departments from 2004-2006. EXPOSURE: A history of LOC after minor blunt head trauma. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main outcome measures were ciTBIs (resulting in death, neurosurgery, intubation for >24 hours, or hospitalization for ≥2 nights) and a comparison of the rates of ciTBIs in children with no LOC, any LOC, and isolated LOC (ie, with no other PECARN ciTBI predictors). RESULTS: A total of 42 412 children were enrolled in the parent study, with 40 693 remaining in the current analysis after exclusions. Of these, LOC occurred in 15.4% (6286 children). The prevalence of ciTBI with any history of LOC was 2.5% and for no history of LOC was 0.5% (difference, 2.0%; 95% CI, 1.7-2.5). The ciTBI rate in children with isolated LOC, with no other PECARN predictors, was 0.5% (95% CI, 0.2-0.8; 13 of 2780). When comparing children who have isolated LOC with those who have LOC and other PECARN predictors, the risk ratio for ciTBI in children younger than 2 years was 0.13 (95% CI, 0.005-0.72) and for children 2 years or older was 0.10 (95% CI, 0.06-0.19). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Children with minor blunt head trauma presenting to the emergency department with isolated LOC are at very low risk for ciTBI and do not routinely require computed tomographic evaluation.
Authors: B A Leidel; T Lindner; S Wolf; V Bogner; A Steinbeck; N Börner; C Peiser; H J Audebert; P Biberthaler; K-G Kanz Journal: Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed Date: 2015-06 Impact factor: 0.840
Authors: B A Leidel; T Lindner; S Wolf; V Bogner; A Steinbeck; N Börner; C Peiser; H J Audebert; P Biberthaler; K-G Kanz Journal: Unfallchirurg Date: 2015-01 Impact factor: 1.000
Authors: Angela Lumba-Brown; Keith Owen Yeates; Kelly Sarmiento; Matthew J Breiding; Tamara M Haegerich; Gerard A Gioia; Michael Turner; Edward C Benzel; Stacy J Suskauer; Christopher C Giza; Madeline Joseph; Catherine Broomand; Barbara Weissman; Wayne Gordon; David W Wright; Rosemarie Scolaro Moser; Karen McAvoy; Linda Ewing-Cobbs; Ann-Christine Duhaime; Margot Putukian; Barbara Holshouser; David Paulk; Shari L Wade; Stanley A Herring; Mark Halstead; Heather T Keenan; Meeryo Choe; Cindy W Christian; Kevin Guskiewicz; P B Raksin; Andrew Gregory; Anne Mucha; H Gerry Taylor; James M Callahan; John DeWitt; Michael W Collins; Michael W Kirkwood; John Ragheb; Richard G Ellenbogen; Theodore J Spinks; Theodore G Ganiats; Linda J Sabelhaus; Katrina Altenhofen; Rosanne Hoffman; Tom Getchius; Gary Gronseth; Zoe Donnell; Robert E O'Connor; Shelly D Timmons Journal: JAMA Pediatr Date: 2018-11-05 Impact factor: 16.193
Authors: Andrew T Hale; David P Stonko; Jaims Lim; Oscar D Guillamondegui; Chevis N Shannon; Mayur B Patel Journal: J Neurosurg Pediatr Date: 2018-11-02 Impact factor: 2.713