Yu-Mei Gu1, Lutgarde Thijs1, Yan-Ping Liu1, Zhenyu Zhang1, Lotte Jacobs1, Thomas Koeck2, Petra Zürbig2, Ralf Lichtinghagen3, Korbinian Brand3, Tatiana Kuznetsova1, Laura Olivi4, Peter Verhamme5, Christian Delles6, Harald Mischak7, Jan A Staessen8. 1. Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 2. Mosaiques Diagnostic and Therapeutics AG, Hannover, Germany. 3. Hannover Medical School, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover, Germany. 4. Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Department of Health Sciences and San Paolo Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. 5. Research Unit Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 6. Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. 7. Mosaiques Diagnostic and Therapeutics AG, Hannover, Germany BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. 8. Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We investigate whether the urinary proteome refines the diagnosis of renal dysfunction, which affects over 10% of the adult population. METHODS: We measured serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and 24-h albuminuria in 797 people randomly recruited from a population. We applied capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry to measure multi-dimensional urinary proteomic classifiers developed for renal dysfunction (CKD273) or left ventricular dysfunction (HF1 and HF2). Renal function was followed up in 621 participants and the incidence of cardiovascular events in the whole study population. RESULTS: In multivariable-adjusted cross-sectional analyses, higher biomarker levels analysed separately or combined by principal component analysis into a single factor (SF), correlated (P ≤ 0.010) with worse renal function. Over 4.8 years, higher HF1 and SF predicted (P ≤ 0.014) lowering of eGFR; higher HF2 predicted (P ≤ 0.049) increase in serum creatinine and decrease eGFR. HF1, HF2 and SF predicted progression from CKD Stages 2 or ≤2 to Stage ≥3, with risk estimates for a 1-SD increment in the urinary biomarkers ranging from 38 to 71% (P ≤ 0.039). HF1, HF2 and SF yielded a net reclassification improvement of 31-51% (P ≤ 0.029). Over 6.1 years, 47 cardiovascular events occurred. HF2 and SF, independent of baseline eGFR, 24-h albuminuria and other covariables were significant predictors of cardiovascular complications with risk estimates for 1-SD increases ranging from 32 to 41% (P ≤ 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: The urinary proteome refines the diagnosis of existing or progressing renal dysfunction and predicts cardiovascular complications.
BACKGROUND: We investigate whether the urinary proteome refines the diagnosis of renal dysfunction, which affects over 10% of the adult population. METHODS: We measured serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and 24-h albuminuria in 797 people randomly recruited from a population. We applied capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry to measure multi-dimensional urinary proteomic classifiers developed for renal dysfunction (CKD273) or left ventricular dysfunction (HF1 and HF2). Renal function was followed up in 621 participants and the incidence of cardiovascular events in the whole study population. RESULTS: In multivariable-adjusted cross-sectional analyses, higher biomarker levels analysed separately or combined by principal component analysis into a single factor (SF), correlated (P ≤ 0.010) with worse renal function. Over 4.8 years, higher HF1 and SF predicted (P ≤ 0.014) lowering of eGFR; higher HF2 predicted (P ≤ 0.049) increase in serum creatinine and decrease eGFR. HF1, HF2 and SF predicted progression from CKD Stages 2 or ≤2 to Stage ≥3, with risk estimates for a 1-SD increment in the urinary biomarkers ranging from 38 to 71% (P ≤ 0.039). HF1, HF2 and SF yielded a net reclassification improvement of 31-51% (P ≤ 0.029). Over 6.1 years, 47 cardiovascular events occurred. HF2 and SF, independent of baseline eGFR, 24-h albuminuria and other covariables were significant predictors of cardiovascular complications with risk estimates for 1-SD increases ranging from 32 to 41% (P ≤ 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: The urinary proteome refines the diagnosis of existing or progressing renal dysfunction and predicts cardiovascular complications.
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