Synchronization of two assembly processes to build responsive DNA nanostructures.

Herein, we report a strategy for the synchronization of two self-assembly processes to assemble stimulus-responsive DNA nanostructures under isothermal conditions. We hypothesized that two independent assembly processes, when brought into proximity in space, could be synchronized and would exhibit positive synergy. To demonstrate this strategy, we assembled a ladderlike DNA nanostructure and a ringlike DNA nanostructure through two hybridization chain reactions (HCRs) and an HCR in combination with T-junction cohesion, respectively. Such proximity-induced synchronization adds a new element to the tool box of DNA nanotechnology. We believe that it will be a useful approach for the assembly of complex and responsive nanostructures.