Characterization of lipopolysaccharide from Myxococcus xanthus by use of monoclonal antibodies.

Lipopolysaccharide is a major constituent of the cell surface of the gram-negative procaryote Myxococcus xanthus. We have purified lipopolysaccharide from M. xanthus and have shown by silver staining that the lipopolysaccharide contains a heterogeneous population of molecules which migrate as a broad low-molecular-mass band (approximately 5 kilodaltons) and as a stepladder of about 30 higher-molecular-mass bands (15- to 70-kilodalton range). The broad band consists of lipopolysaccharide molecules with just lipid A and core regions. The stepladder bands contain lipopolysaccharide molecules with lipid A, core regions, and various numbers of O-antigen units. Monoclonal antibodies generated against the cell surface of developing M. xanthus cells (J. S. Gill and M. Dworkin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:4505-4508, 1987) were used to help characterize the lipopolysaccharide molecules. Five monoclonal antibodies bound to carbohydrate epitopes on the stepladder but not to the broad band, indicating that these monoclonal antibodies recognize carbohydrates on the O antigen of the lipopolysaccharide molecules. Four of these five monoclonal antibodies bound to doublet bands in the stepladder, while the other monoclonal antibody bound to singlet bands in the stepladder. One monoclonal antibody bound to a carbohydrate epitope on both the broad band and the stepladder, indicating that it bound to the core of the lipopolysaccharide.