Ali S Saber Tehrani1, Jorge C Kattah1, Georgios Mantokoudis1, John H Pula1, Deepak Nair1, Ari Blitz1, Sarah Ying1, Daniel F Hanley1, David S Zee1, David E Newman-Toker2. 1. From the Department of Neurology (A.S.S.T., J.C.K., J.H.P., D.N.), University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria; and Departments of Neurology (G.M., D.F.H., D.S.Z., D.E.N.-T.) and Radiology (A.B., S.Y.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. 2. From the Department of Neurology (A.S.S.T., J.C.K., J.H.P., D.N.), University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria; and Departments of Neurology (G.M., D.F.H., D.S.Z., D.E.N.-T.) and Radiology (A.B., S.Y.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. toker@jhu.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Describe characteristics of small strokes causing acute vestibular syndrome (AVS). METHODS: Ambispective cross-sectional study of patients with AVS (acute vertigo or dizziness, nystagmus, nausea/vomiting, head-motion intolerance, unsteady gait) with at least one stroke risk factor from 1999 to 2011 at a single stroke referral center. Patients underwent nonquantitative HINTS "plus" examination (head impulse, nystagmus, test-of-skew plus hearing), neuroimaging to confirm diagnoses (97% by MRI), and repeat MRI in those with initially normal imaging but clinical signs of a central lesion. We identified patients with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) strokes ≤10 mm in axial diameter. RESULTS: Of 190 high-risk AVS presentations (105 strokes), we found small strokes in 15 patients (median age 64 years, range 41-85). The most common vestibular structure infarcted was the inferior cerebellar peduncle (73%); the most common stroke location was the lateral medulla (60%). Focal neurologic signs were present in only 27%. The HINTS "plus" battery identified small strokes with greater sensitivity than early MRI-DWI (100% vs 47%, p < 0.001). False-negative initial MRIs (6-48 hours) were more common with small strokes than large strokes (53% [n = 8/15] vs 7.8% [n = 7/90], p < 0.001). Nonlacunar stroke mechanisms were responsible in 47%, including 6 vertebral artery occlusions or dissections. CONCLUSIONS: Small strokes affecting central vestibular projections can present with isolated AVS. The HINTS "plus" hearing battery identifies these patients with greater accuracy than early MRI-DWI, which is falsely negative in half, up to 48 hours after onset. We found nonlacunar mechanisms in half, suggesting greater risk than might otherwise be assumed for patients with such small infarctions.
OBJECTIVE: Describe characteristics of small strokes causing acute vestibular syndrome (AVS). METHODS: Ambispective cross-sectional study of patients with AVS (acute vertigo or dizziness, nystagmus, nausea/vomiting, head-motion intolerance, unsteady gait) with at least one stroke risk factor from 1999 to 2011 at a single stroke referral center. Patients underwent nonquantitative HINTS "plus" examination (head impulse, nystagmus, test-of-skew plus hearing), neuroimaging to confirm diagnoses (97% by MRI), and repeat MRI in those with initially normal imaging but clinical signs of a central lesion. We identified patients with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) strokes ≤10 mm in axial diameter. RESULTS: Of 190 high-risk AVS presentations (105 strokes), we found small strokes in 15 patients (median age 64 years, range 41-85). The most common vestibular structure infarcted was the inferior cerebellar peduncle (73%); the most common stroke location was the lateral medulla (60%). Focal neurologic signs were present in only 27%. The HINTS "plus" battery identified small strokes with greater sensitivity than early MRI-DWI (100% vs 47%, p < 0.001). False-negative initial MRIs (6-48 hours) were more common with small strokes than large strokes (53% [n = 8/15] vs 7.8% [n = 7/90], p < 0.001). Nonlacunar stroke mechanisms were responsible in 47%, including 6 vertebral artery occlusions or dissections. CONCLUSIONS: Small strokes affecting central vestibular projections can present with isolated AVS. The HINTS "plus" hearing battery identifies these patients with greater accuracy than early MRI-DWI, which is falsely negative in half, up to 48 hours after onset. We found nonlacunar mechanisms in half, suggesting greater risk than might otherwise be assumed for patients with such small infarctions.
Authors: Shadi Yaghi; Charlotte Herber; Joshua Z Willey; Howard F Andrews; Amelia K Boehme; Randolph S Marshall; Ronald M Lazar; Bernadette Boden-Albala Journal: J Neurol Sci Date: 2015-09-02 Impact factor: 3.181
Authors: Georgios Mantokoudis; Ali S Saber Tehrani; Amy Wozniak; Karin Eibenberger; Jorge C Kattah; Cynthia I Guede; David S Zee; David E Newman-Toker Journal: J Vestib Res Date: 2016-11-03 Impact factor: 2.435