OBJECTIVE: Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare disease, with limited radiographic reported information. We assessed the imaging patterns of primary and metastatic FLC. METHODS: CT and MR examinations of patients with FLC were retrospectively reviewed. Imaging features were assessed for primary and recurrent liver tumours, including dimension, enhancement characteristics, and presence or absence of central scars. Locations of nodal and extranodal metastases were also recorded. RESULTS: Of 37 patients (18 males and 19 females; average age, 23.5 years) with FLC, 24 had imaging of their primary tumour; 13 had metastases at presentation and 7 developed metastases on follow-up. The remaining 13 patients had follow-up imaging of metastatic disease. Primary FLC had a mean diameter >11 cm, with central scars in ten (46%) patients. Most tumours enhanced heterogeneously (96%) and showed arterial enhancement (81%). On MRI, 62% of FLCs were hypointense on T1 weighted imaging and 54% were hyperintense on T2 weighted imaging. 13 patients (54%) had nodal metastases at presentation, mostly in the upper abdomen (92%) and commonly in the chest (38%). Extrahepatic metastases were most frequently pulmonary or peritoneal. Predominantly small and homogeneous intrahepatic recurrences were detected on follow-up in 15 patients. CONCLUSION: FLC often presents as a large hepatic tumour with nodal and distant metastases. Thoracic adenopathy and lung metastases were frequently found in our series, suggesting the need for pre-operative and follow-up chest imaging. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Thoracic nodal and lung metastases are common in FLC; therefore, dedicated chest imaging should be part of the evaluation of a patient with FLC.
OBJECTIVE:Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare disease, with limited radiographic reported information. We assessed the imaging patterns of primary and metastatic FLC. METHODS: CT and MR examinations of patients with FLC were retrospectively reviewed. Imaging features were assessed for primary and recurrent liver tumours, including dimension, enhancement characteristics, and presence or absence of central scars. Locations of nodal and extranodal metastases were also recorded. RESULTS: Of 37 patients (18 males and 19 females; average age, 23.5 years) with FLC, 24 had imaging of their primary tumour; 13 had metastases at presentation and 7 developed metastases on follow-up. The remaining 13 patients had follow-up imaging of metastatic disease. Primary FLC had a mean diameter >11 cm, with central scars in ten (46%) patients. Most tumours enhanced heterogeneously (96%) and showed arterial enhancement (81%). On MRI, 62% of FLCs were hypointense on T1 weighted imaging and 54% were hyperintense on T2 weighted imaging. 13 patients (54%) had nodal metastases at presentation, mostly in the upper abdomen (92%) and commonly in the chest (38%). Extrahepatic metastases were most frequently pulmonary or peritoneal. Predominantly small and homogeneous intrahepatic recurrences were detected on follow-up in 15 patients. CONCLUSION: FLC often presents as a large hepatic tumour with nodal and distant metastases. Thoracic adenopathy and lung metastases were frequently found in our series, suggesting the need for pre-operative and follow-up chest imaging. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Thoracic nodal and lung metastases are common in FLC; therefore, dedicated chest imaging should be part of the evaluation of a patient with FLC.
Authors: Howard M Katzenstein; Mark D Krailo; Marcio H Malogolowkin; Jorge A Ortega; Wenchun Qu; Edwin C Douglass; James H Feusner; Marleta Reynolds; John J Quinn; Kurt Newman; Milton J Finegold; Joel E Haas; Martha G Sensel; Robert P Castleberry; Laura C Bowman Journal: Cancer Date: 2003-04-15 Impact factor: 6.860
Authors: Arye Blachar; Michael P Federle; James V Ferris; Joan M Lacomis; John S Waltz; Derek R Armfield; Gorden Chu; Omar Almusa; Luigi Grazioli; Eric Balzano; Wei Li Journal: Radiology Date: 2002-05 Impact factor: 11.105
Authors: William J Hammond; Gadi Lalazar; James A Saltsman; Benjamin A Farber; Enrico Danzer; Tshering C Sherpa; Charles D Banda; Jeffrey R Andolina; Sasan Karimi; Cameron W Brennan; Michael S Torbenson; Michael P La Quaglia; Sanford M Simon Journal: Pediatr Blood Cancer Date: 2017-12-29 Impact factor: 3.167
Authors: Tomoki Sempokuya; Arnold Forlemu; Muaataz Azawi; Krixie Silangcruz; Nathalie Khoury; Jihyun Ma; Linda L Wong Journal: World J Clin Oncol Date: 2022-05-24
Authors: Eric C Sorenson; Raya Khanin; Zubin M Bamboat; Michael J Cavnar; Teresa S Kim; Eran Sadot; Shan Zeng; Jonathan B Greer; Adrian M Seifert; Noah A Cohen; Megan H Crawley; Benjamin L Green; David S Klimstra; Ronald P DeMatteo Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-05-09 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Viktoria Palm; Ruofan Sheng; Philipp Mayer; Karl-Heinz Weiss; Christoph Springfeld; Arianeb Mehrabi; Thomas Longerich; Anne Katrin Berger; Hans-Ulrich Kauczor; Tim Frederik Weber Journal: Cancer Imaging Date: 2018-03-01 Impact factor: 3.909