Galia Barkai1, Daphne Ari-Even Roth2, Asher Barzilai3, Michal Tepperberg-Oikawa4, Ella Mendelson5, Minka Hildesheimer2, Jacob Kuint6. 1. Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Electronic address: galia.barkai@sheba.health.gov.il. 2. Hearing, Speech and Language Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Department of Communication Disorders, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. 3. Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. 4. Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. 5. Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. 6. Neonatology, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the results of a neonatal universal screen for congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) using saliva real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR). STUDY DESIGN: During one year (15/5/2011-15/5/2012), saliva was collected from 9845 infants (97% of 10,137 newborns). Viral DNA was extracted by Magna-Pure LC (Roche) and was tested for the presence of CMV IE and gB genes. Urine culture was collected from positive infants for confirmation. For all infants with congenital CMV maternal data were collected and head ultrasound, blood count, liver enzymes, retinal examination and auditory brainstem response testing were performed. Parents were notified in advance and had the option to avoid screening. The ethical committee approved retrospective analysis of the data. RESULTS: Fifty six infants (0.57%) had a positive saliva assay. Of these, 47 were confirmed by urine rt-PCR and culture, in another one maternal sero-conversion was documented during pregnancy (48 infants). Twenty-eight mothers (28/47, 60%) had primary infection during pregnancy, 14 (30%) had non-primary infection, and no serological data were obtained from five (10%). Four infants (8.5%), two with prenatal diagnosis of CMV and normal fetal brain imaging and two born to mothers sero-positive before pregnancy, exhibited symptoms related to CMV and were offered antivirals. Hearing impairment was diagnosed in two infants (late onset HI in one case). CONCLUSIONS: Saliva rt-PCR assay is a feasible and effective means of universal neonatal CMV screening that can detect affected infants who might benefit from treatment and follow-up. The long-term clinical significance of screening and its cost effectiveness are yet to be determined.
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the results of a neonatal universal screen for congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) using saliva real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR). STUDY DESIGN: During one year (15/5/2011-15/5/2012), saliva was collected from 9845 infants (97% of 10,137 newborns). Viral DNA was extracted by Magna-Pure LC (Roche) and was tested for the presence of CMV IE and gB genes. Urine culture was collected from positive infants for confirmation. For all infants with congenital CMV maternal data were collected and head ultrasound, blood count, liver enzymes, retinal examination and auditory brainstem response testing were performed. Parents were notified in advance and had the option to avoid screening. The ethical committee approved retrospective analysis of the data. RESULTS: Fifty six infants (0.57%) had a positive saliva assay. Of these, 47 were confirmed by urine rt-PCR and culture, in another one maternal sero-conversion was documented during pregnancy (48 infants). Twenty-eight mothers (28/47, 60%) had primary infection during pregnancy, 14 (30%) had non-primary infection, and no serological data were obtained from five (10%). Four infants (8.5%), two with prenatal diagnosis of CMV and normal fetal brain imaging and two born to mothers sero-positive before pregnancy, exhibited symptoms related to CMV and were offered antivirals. Hearing impairment was diagnosed in two infants (late onset HI in one case). CONCLUSIONS: Saliva rt-PCR assay is a feasible and effective means of universal neonatal CMV screening that can detect affected infants who might benefit from treatment and follow-up. The long-term clinical significance of screening and its cost effectiveness are yet to be determined.
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