BACKGROUND: The tumour microenvironment is a highly complex region where multiple interactions occur between host and cancer cells. The host response is defined by the presence and function of different tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and cytokines. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas comprise a subgroup of human cancers with significant morbidity and mortality. METHOD: A literature review was performed to identify studies, which have investigated the impact of immune factors within the tumour microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas on clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Higher counts of intratumoral dendritic cells and CD8+ T-lymphocytes are associated with a favorable prognosis in head and neck cancers. However, contrasting results have been found with T-regulatory cells whereby higher intratumoral counts appear favorable particularly in tumours of oropharyngeal origin. A number of studies have found a link between various biomarkers, e.g. IL-10 in oral cancers, and clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified immune factors within the tumour microenvironment, which are critically related to prognosis and also those, which require further work to elucidate their full relevance. Furthermore it is clear that if immunotherapy is to be introduced as an adjunct in the treatment of head and neck cancers, different immunological parameters will need to be selected for each distinct subsite.
BACKGROUND: The tumour microenvironment is a highly complex region where multiple interactions occur between host and cancer cells. The host response is defined by the presence and function of different tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and cytokines. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas comprise a subgroup of humancancers with significant morbidity and mortality. METHOD: A literature review was performed to identify studies, which have investigated the impact of immune factors within the tumour microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas on clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Higher counts of intratumoral dendritic cells and CD8+ T-lymphocytes are associated with a favorable prognosis in head and neck cancers. However, contrasting results have been found with T-regulatory cells whereby higher intratumoral counts appear favorable particularly in tumours of oropharyngeal origin. A number of studies have found a link between various biomarkers, e.g. IL-10 in oral cancers, and clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified immune factors within the tumour microenvironment, which are critically related to prognosis and also those, which require further work to elucidate their full relevance. Furthermore it is clear that if immunotherapy is to be introduced as an adjunct in the treatment of head and neck cancers, different immunological parameters will need to be selected for each distinct subsite.
Authors: Shona Hendry; Roberto Salgado; Thomas Gevaert; Prudence A Russell; Tom John; Bibhusal Thapa; Michael Christie; Koen van de Vijver; M V Estrada; Paula I Gonzalez-Ericsson; Melinda Sanders; Benjamin Solomon; Cinzia Solinas; Gert G G M Van den Eynden; Yves Allory; Matthias Preusser; Johannes Hainfellner; Giancarlo Pruneri; Andrea Vingiani; Sandra Demaria; Fraser Symmans; Paolo Nuciforo; Laura Comerma; E A Thompson; Sunil Lakhani; Seong-Rim Kim; Stuart Schnitt; Cecile Colpaert; Christos Sotiriou; Stefan J Scherer; Michail Ignatiadis; Sunil Badve; Robert H Pierce; Giuseppe Viale; Nicolas Sirtaine; Frederique Penault-Llorca; Tomohagu Sugie; Susan Fineberg; Soonmyung Paik; Ashok Srinivasan; Andrea Richardson; Yihong Wang; Ewa Chmielik; Jane Brock; Douglas B Johnson; Justin Balko; Stephan Wienert; Veerle Bossuyt; Stefan Michiels; Nils Ternes; Nicole Burchardi; Stephen J Luen; Peter Savas; Frederick Klauschen; Peter H Watson; Brad H Nelson; Carmen Criscitiello; Sandra O'Toole; Denis Larsimont; Roland de Wind; Giuseppe Curigliano; Fabrice André; Magali Lacroix-Triki; Mark van de Vijver; Federico Rojo; Giuseppe Floris; Shahinaz Bedri; Joseph Sparano; David Rimm; Torsten Nielsen; Zuzana Kos; Stephen Hewitt; Baljit Singh; Gelareh Farshid; Sibylle Loibl; Kimberly H Allison; Nadine Tung; Sylvia Adams; Karen Willard-Gallo; Hugo M Horlings; Leena Gandhi; Andre Moreira; Fred Hirsch; Maria V Dieci; Maria Urbanowicz; Iva Brcic; Konstanty Korski; Fabien Gaire; Hartmut Koeppen; Amy Lo; Jennifer Giltnane; Marlon C Rebelatto; Keith E Steele; Jiping Zha; Kenneth Emancipator; Jonathan W Juco; Carsten Denkert; Jorge Reis-Filho; Sherene Loi; Stephen B Fox Journal: Adv Anat Pathol Date: 2017-11 Impact factor: 3.875
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