PURPOSE: To determine whether sleep and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) contribute to the neuropsychological deficits of patients with Down syndrome, and whether treatment of SDB results in improvement in cognitive function. METHODS: In this cohort study, 25 children with Down syndrome underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG), Multiple Sleep Latency Testing (MSLT), and a battery of neuropsychological tests. Patients with SDB underwent a follow up PSG after treatment. All patients repeated the neuropsychological tests 13 months later. RESULTS: At baseline, there was no relationship between SDB and performance on the neuropsychological tests. However, total sleep time and sleep latency were related to tests of cognitive ability (p < 0.05) and comprehension (p < 0.01). The amount of time in slow-wave sleep correlated with tests of achievement (p < 0.01), and adaptive behavior (p < 0.01). Ten patients had SDB confirmed on PSG. Five of these patients were treated successfully with adenotonsillectomy and/or continuous positive airway pressure. The five who did not tolerate treatment were deficient in tests of adaptive behavior (Vineland p < 0.05) visual-motor integration (Beery p < 0.01) and achievement (Woodcock-Johnson p < 0.05) compared to those successfully treated. After treatment the patients improved in ratings of attention (Conners p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although SDB is common in children with Down syndrome, it is not a major contributor to their cognitive deficits. Cognitive function is related to the amount of sleep and particularly slow wave sleep. Successful treatment of SDB may improve their attention.
PURPOSE: To determine whether sleep and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) contribute to the neuropsychological deficits of patients with Down syndrome, and whether treatment of SDB results in improvement in cognitive function. METHODS: In this cohort study, 25 children with Down syndrome underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG), Multiple Sleep Latency Testing (MSLT), and a battery of neuropsychological tests. Patients with SDB underwent a follow up PSG after treatment. All patients repeated the neuropsychological tests 13 months later. RESULTS: At baseline, there was no relationship between SDB and performance on the neuropsychological tests. However, total sleep time and sleep latency were related to tests of cognitive ability (p < 0.05) and comprehension (p < 0.01). The amount of time in slow-wave sleep correlated with tests of achievement (p < 0.01), and adaptive behavior (p < 0.01). Ten patients had SDB confirmed on PSG. Five of these patients were treated successfully with adenotonsillectomy and/or continuous positive airway pressure. The five who did not tolerate treatment were deficient in tests of adaptive behavior (Vineland p < 0.05) visual-motor integration (Beery p < 0.01) and achievement (Woodcock-Johnson p < 0.05) compared to those successfully treated. After treatment the patients improved in ratings of attention (Conners p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although SDB is common in children with Down syndrome, it is not a major contributor to their cognitive deficits. Cognitive function is related to the amount of sleep and particularly slow wave sleep. Successful treatment of SDB may improve their attention.
Authors: E C Uong; J M McDonough; C E Tayag-Kier; H Zhao; J Haselgrove; S Mahboubi; R J Schwab; A I Pack; R Arens Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2001-03 Impact factor: 21.405
Authors: Eun Kyeong Kang; Melissa S Xanthopoulos; Ji Young Kim; Casandra Arevalo; Justine Shults; Suzanne E Beck; Carole L Marcus; Ignacio E Tapia Journal: J Clin Sleep Med Date: 2019-06-15 Impact factor: 4.062
Authors: James A Hendrix; Angelika Amon; Leonard Abbeduto; Stamatis Agiovlasitis; Tarek Alsaied; Heather A Anderson; Lisa J Bain; Nicole Baumer; Anita Bhattacharyya; Dusan Bogunovic; Kelly N Botteron; George Capone; Priya Chandan; Isabelle Chase; Brian Chicoine; Cécile Cieuta-Walti; Lara R DeRuisseau; Sophie Durand; Anna Esbensen; Juan Fortea; Sandra Giménez; Ann-Charlotte Granholm; Laura J Hahn; Elizabeth Head; Hampus Hillerstrom; Lisa M Jacola; Matthew P Janicki; Joan M Jasien; Angela R Kamer; Raymond D Kent; Bernard Khor; Jeanne B Lawrence; Catherine Lemonnier; Amy Feldman Lewanda; William Mobley; Paul E Moore; Linda Pollak Nelson; Nicolas M Oreskovic; Ricardo S Osorio; David Patterson; Sonja A Rasmussen; Roger H Reeves; Nancy Roizen; Stephanie Santoro; Stephanie L Sherman; Nasreen Talib; Ignacio E Tapia; Kyle M Walsh; Steven F Warren; A Nicole White; Guang William Wong; John S Yi Journal: Transl Sci Rare Dis Date: 2021-04-15